Elmer Watson COLLIS

Elmer Watson COLLIS

Male 1889 - 1955  (66 years)

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Generation: 1

  1. 1.  Elmer Watson COLLIS was born on 18 Jul 1889 in California, United States (son of Austin Watson COLLIS and Clara Eva NICHOLSON); died on 2 Dec 1955 in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States; was buried in Watsonville, Santa Cruz, California, United States.

    Other Events:

    • _UID: C26891832E4C2C4AAF784B7F3A2E6B190BE9

    Notes:

    World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918 about Elmer Watson Collis
    Name: Elmer Watson Collis
    County: Contra Costa
    State: California
    Birthplace: California;United States of America
    Birth Date: 18 Jul 1889
    Race: Caucasian (White)
    FHL Roll Number: 1530709
    DraftBoard: 1
    Age: Occupation: pump operator, irrigation; Balfour Guthrie & Co
    Nearest Relative: married, wife and one child
    Height medium, Build:medium, Color of Eyes grey /Hair:light

    1920 United States Federal Census
    Name: Elmer W Collis [Elme W Collis]
    Home in 1920: Township 3, Merced, California
    Age: 30
    Estimated birth year: abt 1890
    Birthplace: California
    Relation to Head of House: Self (Head)
    Spouse's name: Marie C
    Father's Birth Place: Pennsylvania
    Mother's Birth Place: California
    Marital Status: Married
    Race: White
    Sex: Male
    Home owned: Rent
    Able to read: Yes
    Able to Write: Yes
    Household Members: Name Age
    Elmer W Collis 30 fireman, station engine
    Marie C Collis 25 born New Jersey
    Ethel C Collis 3 10/12 daughter
    Chas J Swartz 27 roomer
    Vera Swartz 19 boarder


    1930 Census California, Santa Cruz, Watsonville, Lodger, Divorced, age 40 farmer, veteran
    1930 United States Federal Census
    Name: Elmer W Collis
    Home in 1930: Watsonville, Santa Cruz, California
    Age: 40
    Estimated birth year: abt 1890
    Birthplace: California
    Relation to Head of House: Lodger
    Race: White
    Occupation: Education: Military service: Rent/home value: Age at first marriage: Parents' birthplace:
    Household Members: Name Age
    John E Owens 45
    Goldie L Owens 36
    Verna L Owens 15
    Elmer W Collis 40 divorced

    California Death Index:
    COLLIS ELMER WALTON 07/18/1889
    mother: NICHOLSON father: COLLIS M CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ
    12/02/1955 66 yrs
    SSN 555-10-8504

    Elmer married Marie C. GREVILLA on 19 May 1914 in , Contra Costa, California, United States, and was divorced. Marie was born about 1895 in New Jersey, United States; died after 1930. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Notes:

    Contra Costa County records vol 10 pg 357
    Divorced from Marie before 1930 Census.

    Children:
    1. Bethel C COLLIS was born on 29 Feb 1916 in , San Joaquin, California, United States; died on 27 Nov 2002 in Modesto, Stanislaus, California, United States.

    Elmer married Jessie A. before 1942 in California, United States. Jessie (daughter of BRUCE) was born on 6 Apr 1895 in Missouri, United States; died on 30 Dec 1967 in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


Generation: 2

  1. 2.  Austin Watson COLLIS was born on 29 Jan 1864 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; was christened on 21 Aug 1864 in Zion Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (son of William COLLIS and Anne Esther RANDALL); died on 8 Apr 1942 in Pittsburg, Contra Costa, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetery, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.

    Other Events:

    • _UID: E4E1D7B3C163FB49912B463CABC7D4BDF8DF
    • Occupation: 1930, Pittsburg, CA; steel worker, farmer

    Notes:

    Pennsylvania and New Jersey, Church and Town Records, 1669-1999
    Name: Austin Watson Collis
    Baptism Age: 0
    Event Type: Baptism
    Birth Date: 29 Jan 1864
    Baptism Date: 21 Aug 1864
    Baptism Place: Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
    Denomination: Episcopal
    Organization Name: Zion Protestant Episcopal Church
    Father: William Collis
    Mother: Ann Esther Collis

    California, Voter Registers, 1866-1898
    Name: Austin Watson Collis
    Residence Year: 1886
    Residence Place: Contra Costa, California
    Age: 22
    Birth Year: abt 1864

    California, Voter Registers, 1866-1898
    Name: Austin Watson Collis
    Residence Year: 1892
    Residence Place: Contra Costa, California
    Age: 28
    Birth Year: abt 1864

    1896 July 29 California register of voters -Residence 1918, Greenwch, SF

    1900 United States Federal Census
    Name: Austin W Collis
    Home in 1900: Supervisors District 5, Contra Costa, California
    Age: 37
    Birth Date: Jan 1863
    Birthplace: Pennsylvania
    Race: White
    Gender: Male
    Relationship to Head of House: Head
    Father's Birthplace: England
    Mother's Birthplace: England
    Spouse's name: Clara E
    Marriage Year: 1888
    Marital Status: Married
    Years Married: 12
    Residence : Supervisor's District 5, Brentwood, Byron, and Empire Precincts, Contra Costa, California
    Occupation: farmer
    Household Members: Name Age
    Austin W Collis 37
    Clara E Collis 31 wife, born CA
    Elmer W Collis 10 son, born CA
    Clara B Collis 9 daughter, born CA
    Harold A Collis 5 son, born CA

    California State Roster, 1909 Government and Military records Record
    Given Name: Austin W.
    Surname: Collis
    Position: Notary
    Page #: 225
    Residence: Brentwood
    County: Contra Costa
    Source Information:
    Graden, Debra, comp.. California State Roster, 1909 Government and Military records [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002.
    Original data: California Blue Book or State Roster 1909. Sacramento, CA, USA: State Printing Office, 1909.

    1910 United States Federal Census
    Name: A W Collis
    [A W Callis]
    Age in 1910: 46
    Birth Year: abt 1864
    Birthplace: Pennsylvania
    Home in 1910: Township 9, Contra Costa, California
    Race: White
    Gender: Male
    Relation to Head of House: Head
    Marital Status: Married
    Spouse's Name: Clara E Collis
    Father's Birthplace: England
    Mother's Birthplace: England
    Native Tongue: English
    Occupation: Wheat Farmer
    Industry: Wheat Farm
    Employer, Employee or Other: Own Account
    Home Owned or Rented: Own
    Home Free or Mortgaged: Free
    Farm or House: Farm
    Able to Read: Yes
    Able to Write: Yes
    Years Married: 21
    Neighbors: brother William A Collis is living next farm
    Household Members:
    Name Age
    A W Collis 46
    Clara E Collis 41
    Clara Beni Collis 18
    Howard A Collis 15
    Pacific O Castro 44 handy man

    U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995
    Name: Austin W Collis
    Residence Year: 1914
    Residence Place: Richmond, California, USA
    Occupation: Farmer
    Publication Title: Richmond, California, City Directory, 1914

    1920 United States Federal Census
    Name: Austin Collis
    Home in 1920: Raymond, Pacific, Washington
    Age: 51 years
    Estimated birth year: abt 1869
    Birthplace: Pennsylvania
    Relation to Head of House: Head
    Spouse's name: Sussie Preston
    Father's Birth Place: England
    Mother's Birth Place: England
    Marital Status: Married
    Race: White
    Sex: Male
    Home owned: Rent
    Able to read: Yes
    Able to Write: Yes
    Image: 1040
    Household Members: Name Age
    Austin Collis 51 labor veneer plant
    Sussie Preston Collis 45 wife born CA

    California, Voter Registrations, 1900-1968
    Name: Harold Austin Collis
    Residence Year: 1920-1924
    Street address: Lathrop
    Residence Place: San Joaquin, California, USA
    Party Affiliation: Republican
    Occupation: Farmer

    U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995
    Name: Austin W Collis
    Residence Year: 1924
    Street address: 2650 Kingsland
    Residence Place: Oakland; Alameda; Berkeley, California, USA
    Occupation: Driver
    Publication Title: Oakland, California, City Directory, 1924

    California, Voter Registrations, 1900-1968
    Name: Austin W Collis
    Residence Year: 1924
    Street address: 2807 Shattuck av
    Residence Place: Alameda, California, USA
    Party Affiliation: Republican
    Occupation: Driver

    1930 United States Federal Census
    Name: Austin W Collis
    Home in 1930: W 12th Street, Pittsburg, Contra Costa, California California')>
    Age: 66
    Estimated birth year: abt 1864
    Birthplace: Pennsylvania
    Relation to Head of House: Head
    Spouse's name: Mary
    Race: White
    Occupation: guard at Steel plant; Education: Military service: no; value: $6000, own home; Age at first marriage: 61 Parents' birthplace both England
    Household Members: Name Age
    Austin W Collis 66
    Mary Collis 47 wife marr age 43 bn CA, father born Azores, mother born France.

    California, Voter Registrations, 1900-1968
    Name: Austin W Collis
    Residence Year: 1942
    Street address: 169 W. 12th SU, Pittsburg
    Residence Place: Contra Costa, California, USA
    Party Affiliation: Democrat
    Occupation: Janitor

    California Death Index, 1940-1997
    Name: Austin Watson Collis
    Social Security #: 0
    Sex: MALE
    Birth Date: 29 Jan 1864
    Birthplace: Pennsylvania
    Death Date: 7 Apr 1942
    Death Place: Contra Costa
    Mother's Maiden Name: Randall
    Father's Surname: Collis
    buried Brentwood Union Cemetary

    U.S., Find A Grave Index, 1600s-Current
    Name: Austin W Collis
    Birth Date: 1864
    Death Date: 1942
    Burial or Cremation Place: Brentwood, Contra Costa County, California, USA
    Spouse: Clara Eva Collis
    Children: Harold Austin Collis
    URL: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-..

    Austin married Clara Eva NICHOLSON on 24 Oct 1886 in California, United States. Clara (daughter of George W NICHOLSON and Nancy HOWARD) was born on 5 Feb 1869 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; died on 20 Jul 1914 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetery, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  2. 3.  Clara Eva NICHOLSON was born on 5 Feb 1869 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States (daughter of George W NICHOLSON and Nancy HOWARD); died on 20 Jul 1914 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetery, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.

    Other Events:

    • _UID: 79A63005E0320C45B79175A1D574C9C4EB4E

    Notes:

    Clara Eva Nicholson Collis
    Birth: Feb. 5, 1869
    California, USA
    Death: Jul. 20, 1914
    Family links:
    Parents:
    George W Nicholson (1846 - 1878)
    Nancy Howard Nicholson (1849 - 1937)
    Spouse:
    Austin W Collis (1864 - 1942)
    Siblings:
    Clara Eva Nicholson Collis (1869 - 1914)
    Ella Dainty (1870 - 1969)*
    Albert Nicholson (1872 - 1918)*
    *Calculated relationship
    Note: Buried with/Same headstone as Austin W Collis
    Burial:
    Union Cemetery
    Brentwood
    Contra Costa County
    California, USA
    Created by: rayvalsam
    Record added: May 29, 2011
    Find A Grave Memorial# 70578150

    Children:
    1. 1. Elmer Watson COLLIS was born on 18 Jul 1889 in California, United States; died on 2 Dec 1955 in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States; was buried in Watsonville, Santa Cruz, California, United States.
    2. Clara Bessie COLLIS was born on 18 May 1891 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; died on 14 Jan 1983 in Modesto, Stanislaus, California, United States; was buried in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.
    3. Harold Austin COLLIS was born on 19 Dec 1894 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; died on 7 Dec 1977 in Carmel Valley, Monterey, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetery, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.


Generation: 3

  1. 4.  William COLLIS was born on 20 May 1826 in Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England (son of Christopher Annett COLLIS and Maria BRIDGE); died on 3 Feb 1900 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; was buried on 5 Feb 1900 in Union Cemetary, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.

    Other Events:

    • Occupation: Brewer, Carpenter and Bar Keeper
    • Reference Number: *
    • _UID: 9AD4983E54D12041B7753B0AE56EB762A723

    Notes:



    Things to do:
    1. look for George Collis, brother to William in 1861 census as a painter? found him in 1891 and probably also 1901.
    2. How do I know that in 1859 William arrived in Philadelphia, PA?
    3. Newspapers of Hammonton, NJ and graves in Kensington. Did they choose Kensington because of Kensington, ENG
    4. Naturalization papers Petition Aug 1858, New York county
    5. Find any info on William 1826 to 1841. Ask Bert any newspaper accounts about Father?
    6. Info on Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England
    7. Who did the temple work for William's father, Christopher? and Anne's sealing to parents, 22 Jan 1971 S G
    8. Who is Henry W. Chappell, grandson, in 1851 census?
    9. Is there a will for Thomas Randall and also Elizabeth Randall?
    10. Plot town's lived in: Witham, Brixton, , Hammersmith, Barnes, Richmond, Camberwell, Southwark.
    11. Brentwood homestead papers. Did they choose Brentwood because there is a Brentwood near London?
    12. Cemetary in Southwark for Randall and Laura Elizabeth Collis
    13. Christening of first four children in England
    14. Why did he enlist in Union Army
    15. Why did they come to California?
    16. Is there information on the saloon on Berry Street, SF? land records?

    Timeline for William Collis
    1826 May, William bn Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England
    1833 May, William's mother Maria died, Chipping Hill, Witham
    1838 Oct, William's father, Christopher Collis, marries Eliza Parker, St Giles, Cripplegate, London
    1841 Census: living with father Christopher Collis, step mother, Eliza and several brothers and sisters,
    Civil Parish:Lambeth (St. Mary Lambeth Parish), Brixton, Surrey, England, Camberwell Lane So
    1846 July, William's father marries Alice Honeysett
    1851 Census: William is an Inn keeper living with brother, George, and sister Dorcus in Lambeth, (also a Betsey Ann
    Collis, a neice, and Wesley W Chappell who is listed as a grandson, probably to William's father, Christopher.)
    Brixton, Surrey,England. (Brixton is a short distance from where Anne Randall lived)
    1852 Nov, married Anne Randall, St. Pauls Parish, Hammersmith, Middlesex, England
    1853 Nov, daughter, Ada Annie born in Barnes, England
    1854 Nov, son, William Arthur born in Barnes, England
    1856 Apr, daughter, Laura Elizabeth born in Richmond, England
    1857 Jan, Anne's father, Thomas, died.
    1857 Aug, daughter, Anna Bertha born in Camberwell, England
    1858 April 6 - Laura Elizabeth died at London Rd. Southwark, England (apparently at grandparent's
    house just after Anne's father, Thomas, died.)
    1858 April 25 - Sailed from port in London, England, to America
    1858 June 3 - Arrived New York (It looks like the trip took less than 1 1/2 months.)
    1858 Aug, Petition for Naturalization, New York County
    1859 May 9, son, Alfred George born in Buffalo, New York
    1860 Census in Buffalo, New York, Wm, Ann and 4 children, he is listed as a brewer
    1861 May 12, enlisted in Company F 21st regiment of New York Volunteers of Union Army in Elmira,
    New York
    1861 July-Oct served as a nurse in hospital
    1862 June - Feb 1863 was ill in hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with war related disability
    1863 Feb 9, discharged due to disability
    1864 son, Austin Watson born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    1865 Jan, daughter, Anna Bertha, age 7, & Feb, son, Alfred George, age 5, buried in Kennsington, Pennsylvania
    1866 daughter, Rachel born in Hammonton, New Jersey
    1867 Sep 3 - 1 1/2 story house on 3 1/4 acres for sale in Hammonton, New Jersey for $100. (Philadelphia Exchange)
    1868 listed in San Francisco directory at Mission & Precita
    1868 Sept listed in San Francisco directory at Berry Street
    1868 Sept son, Walter Winner born Berry Street, San Francisco
    1870 Census, San Francisco, Wm, Ann and 5 children, He is listed as a Carpenter
    1871 daughter, Florence born San Francisco
    1872 daughter, Lillian born San Francisco
    1871-74 listed in San Francisco directory at Berry Street as a saloon keeper
    1876 homesteaded in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California
    1880 Census, Tnp 5 Contra Costa County, Wm Ann and 7 children, He is a farmer
    1884 homestead recorded'
    1896 California great register Contra Costa County, farmer, age 70, 5 feet 6 1/2 inches fair complexion, hazel eyes,
    brown hair, born Entgland. naturalized 4 Sept 1870, Dist. San Francisco, registered 5 Aug 1896
    1900 William died at age 73 in Brentwood of a brain hemorrage and is buried in the Point of Timber cemetery, now
    called the Union Cemetary
    1900 Census, Ann, widow, and 2 daughters living in Contra Costa County, CA
    1910 Census, Ann and one daughter living in Contra Costa County, CA
    1918 Anne Esther died in Brentwood of old age at almost age 90.

    William Collis and Anne Esther Randall

    William Collis and Anne Esther Randall were married by license on the 18th day of November in 1852 in Saint Paul's church in the Parish of Hammersmith, Middlesex County, England. This is where William's father lived at the time. It is said that Anne's parents did not approve of the marriage. The story passed down is that her father was not pleased and may have disowned her when she married William Collis, who was a brewer. The 1851 Census shows William is an Inn keeper, or publican, of the Royal Veteran at # 8 Zoar Place, living with his brother, George, and sister, Dorcus, in Lambeth, a civil parish and within the ecclesiastic parish of Brixton, in the county of Surrey, England. The Inn in Lambeth was probably no more than a mile from Thomas Randall's butcher shop. Did William Collis meet Anne Randall at the Inn or at her father's butcher shop when he bought pork for the Inn? Perhaps William and Anne met at some local social activity. It is unknown where and when they met.

    Anne was born 13 March 1828 at Southwark, (which means south of London Bridge), England. She was the oldest of 8 children of Thomas Randall and Elizabeth Benfield, his wife. In the 1851 census, she is listed as a butcher's assistant. Anne Esther Randall was said to have been a lady in waiting to queen Victoria. The story is told by the family that the queen gave Anne a pair of silk stockings that are still in the family. As far as can be proven, it is just a fun family story. ( The royal archives in England have no record of this and they say that they keep very good records of Ladies in Waiting. Nor do they have any record of her mother, Elizabeth or Ann Benfield as a lady in waiting). There is a photo on glass of Elizabeth Benfield Randall. There is also a photo and an oil painting of Anne Esther as a child. The oil painting is said to have been hanging on the wall of her home during the San Francisco earthquake on April 18, 1906. Florence saved the painting by cutting it out of the frame and rolling it up. Thus Florence kept it in her home eventually giving it to her brother, William's oldest son, Langley.

    Anne's father, Thomas Randall, was a pork butcher at 78 London Road in Southwark, England. He had his own coach and footman and at least one servant. In the 19th century at least 80% of the population was working class. In order to be considered middle class you had to have at least one servant. Anne was christened in Saint George the Martyr Church and a part of the Church of England, which was just down the street from their home and butcher shop. The family very likely attended church with Charles Dickens. There was a debtor's prison, Marshalsea jail, next door to the church. At the time Anne was growing up, Charles Dicken's father was in that debtor's prison. Charles Dicken's would visit his father there. Although he worked outside as a boot black, it is most likely that Charles Dicken's also attended that same church as a child. Even the prisoners were let out to attend church.

    Conditions in early 19th century towns were often dreadful as seen through the eyes and stories of Charles Dickens. towns were dirty, unsanitory and overcrowded. Streets were very often unpaved and they were not cleaned. Rubbish was not collected and it was allowed to accumulate in piles in the streets. Since most of it was organic, when it turned black and sticky it was used as fertiliser. Furthermore in the early 19th century poor people often had cesspits, which were not emptied very often. Later in the century many people used earth closets. (A pail with a box containing granulated clay over it. When you pulled a lever clay covered the contents of the pail). In the early 19th century only wealthy people had flushing lavatories and poor families often had to share toilets. On Sunday mornings queues (long lines) formed at the public toilets. In the late 19th century flushing lavatories became common.

    Given these horrid conditions it is not surprising that disease was common. Life expectancy in towns was low (significantly lower than in the countryside) and infant mortality was very high. British towns and cities suffered outbreaks of cholera in 1831-32 and again in 1848-49. Fortunately the last outbreak at last spurred people into action.
    In the late 19th century most towns dug sewers and created piped water supplies, which made life much healthier.

    Within 4 1/2 years of their marriage, William and Anne had 4 children: Ada Anne, William Arthur, Laura Elizabeth, and Anna Bertha; all born in England in varying towns just west of London. Ada Anne born November 12,1853 and William Arthur, born November 24, 1854, both in Barnes, Surry County; an area just south of London with several breweries. Laura Elizabeth born April 6, 1856, in Richmond, and Anna Bertha born 23 August, 1857,in Camberville.

    Why did they decide to come to America? Was it adventure that prompted them to emigrate to the United States? Was it lack of funds? Was it the falling out with her father? Whatever the reason, they were preparing to leave England, when their 3rd child, Laura Elizabeth, died suddenly, at 2 years of age, just 8 days before sailing. Ironically, she died at Anne's parent's home on London Road in Southwark. Anne's father, Thomas Randall, had died the previous year. It is believed the baby died from the inoculations received in preparation for the trip. The dye was cast. Their tickets had been purchased, so on the 25 of April in 1858, they left from London, England, and sailed for America on the ship, Cornelius Grinnell, with Capt A. G. Fletcher. They arrived in New York on the 3 of June of that same year. The voyage had taken less than one and a half months. What kind of a hardship was it to sail across the Atlantic Ocean in that small ship with three small children and to leave a little one behind in a new grave? Anne surely was grieving in her heart, but kept busy in body by the needs of her other three children.

    The first known place of residence in the U.S. is Buffalo, New York, where their 5th child Alfred George was born May 9, 1859. William and his family were living in Buffalo during the 1860 census and he was listed as a brewer, his occupation in England. It is from Buffalo on the 4th of May, 1861, at age 34, that William enlisted in the 21st Regiment of New York volunteers in the Union Army and served as a private under General Wadsworth in Virginia. His description is given as light complected, hazel eyes, brown hair and 5 feet 6 inched tall. He mustered in May 12, 1861 at Elmira N.Y., and was in the detached service from 1 Aug 1861, serving in the hospital as a nurse, (possibly using his chemistry background as a brewer). In March and April 1862, he was in the Washington Street Hospital in Alexandria, Virginia. Then again in June 1862 through February 1863 he was a patient in the Christian Street General Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia was known for its several hospitals for Civil War casualties, but it was not a place of heavy military conflict.

    On February 6, 1863, William was discharged from Captain Clinton's Company, for physical disability, (by reason of general disability connected with spinal irritation due to wearing the cartridge belt.) William appears on the Company muster out roll dated 18 May 1863, Buffalo, N.Y. In later years he was unable to work due to rheumatism in the small of his back and hips and collected disability. He lived in Antioch, CA at the time of application for disability.

    The family was living in Philadelphia after his discharge and another child, Austin Watson, was born there on January 29, 1864. Philadelphia must not have seemed a happy place to live considering William's hospitalization and the tragedy of the deaths of 2 more of their children. Alfred age 5, and his sister, Anna, age 7, died within 2 weeks of each other in late January and early February of 1865. They were buried in Kensington, Pennsylvania, a northern area of Philadelphia. Perhaps they chose Kensington because it reminded them of the Kensington back home in England. Their 7th child, Rachael, nicknamed Rettie, was born a year later in 1866. She was never quite normal. On the mother's widow's pension application it states that "Rettie was an imbecile from birth." Rettie never married and lived to be 46 years old. She lived with her mother her entire life.

    An article appeared in the Philadelphia Exchange on September 3, 1864, offering land owned by William Collis for sale for $100. The place was listed as a small farm, 3 1/4 acres situated on Hammonton Avenue in the village of Hammonton, Atlantic County, N. J. about 1 mile from the station of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad. It was a 6 room, 1 1/2-story frame house; cellar, kitchen and storeroom, conveniently fitted with sink, closet &c; barn, cart shed and lots of berries, fruit and shade trees.

    Sometime between February 1866 and September 1868, Anne and William moved with their family to San Francisco. They went by Steamer down the Atlantic coast to the Isthmus of Panama. Then traveled across the Isthmus about 7 miles by train and then by donkey to the west coast. Their son, William Arthur remembers being in awe of the monkeys there. They then boarded a freighter up the Pacific Coast to San Francisco. (See appendix 1. Crossing the Isthmus of Panama.) Their furniture was shipped "around the horn" of South America. They settled in San Francisco. In 1868, William Collis is listed as a saloon keeper in the San Francisco Directory as living on the corner of Mission and Precita Avenue. On September 14, 1868, Walter Winner was born at 130 Berry Street, San Francisco. Florence was born January 8, 1871 and Lillian, their last child was born October 11, 1872. Both were also born at Berry Street, San Francisco. William Collis is listed in the San Francisco Directories of 1871 through 1874 as a saloonkeeper at 130 Berry Street. In the 1871 directory he was also listed as a carpenter.

    In 1873, William and his family settled in Brentwood, Contra Costa County, California. They were familiar with the name Brentwood as there was a Brentwood just north of London in England close to where they had lived. A Patent for 160 acres of Homestead Land was granted to William Collis in Washington, D. C. on 25 Sep 1876 and was not recorded in the Martinez County Recorder's office until 10 Nov 1884. (This land is located on the official map of Contra Costa Co. published in 1908. They lived there until William's death on February 3, 1900. He died of hemorrhage into the brain at the age of 73, and was buried February 5th, at the Point of Timber Cemetary, in Brentwood, Contra Costa County, California. William was said to have a bit of an ornery streak later in life.

    After the death of her husband, Anne maintained a home in Brentwood with her two unmarried daughters, Lillian and Rachel. In 1903 she lived at 566 Walter Street in San Francisco. She had a dowager hump caused by osteoporosis. The last 4 years before her death, she lived with her daughter, Florence Gates, because she needed contant attending. Anne died at age 90, January 2, 1918, of old age. She is buried in the Point of Timber Cemetary in Brentwood, Costa County, California. Her will left the ranch in Brentwood, valued at $1000, to be divided among her 6 surviving children.

    William and Anne Collis had 10 children born to them; 4 in England, 3 on the east coast of the United States, and 3 in San Francisco. Three of the 10 children died young. One was disabled for life. Two daughters married later in life and had no children. Only 4 of the 10 children had children. William and Anne had fifteen grandchildren and 25 great grandchildren.



    William Collis was born, 20 May 1826, at Chipping Hill in Witham, Essex County, England. Chipping Hill means market place. It is in East Essex, 1 mile north of Witham Parish on the River Brain. It was the site of a Roman Camp. William was the 3rd of 6 children of Christopher Annett and Maria (Bridge) Collis. His brothers and sisters were: Jane, Samuel (who died young), George, Maria, Dorcus and Samuel. William and his father were both brewer's. William is listed as a Publican in the 1851 census (Pub comes from Publican). William's mother died when he was 7 years old. 5 years later his father married Eliza Parker and Christopher and Eliza had two children, Joseph and Eliza. Christopher's wife, Eliza, also died as in 1846 he is listed as a widower and marries a widow named Alice Honeysett Leste. As far as is known, they had no children.

    In the Lambeth, Surrey, England 1841 Census William Collis, age 15, was living with father, Christopher and Eliza Collis and brothers and sisters: George, Maria, Samuel, Joseph, Dorcus and Eliza. Lambeth is just a bit southwest of Southwark, Surrey, England. Christopher was a brewer. They lived on Camberwell Rd. which may be the same as the current Lambeth Rd. By 1851 William, George, and Dorcus along with a grandson and niece of Christopher, were living apart from the family, but still in Lambeth on what looks like #8 Zoar Place, Royal Veteran; probably an Inn or Saloon owned by Christopher as William, George and Dorcus are listed as sons and daughter. William was a brewer or Publican (which is British for Inn or Saloon). Dorcus is listed as a Publican assistant. George is listed as a painter. There are also 2 servants and a lodger listed there.

    William and his father, Christopher, were both brewers. In the 1851 census Christopher is now married to Alice and is living at 177 London Rd, Hounslow, Middlesex County, England. Hounslow is about 10 miles west of London and Southwark. Christopher is a Brewer and has 3 of his children with him; Eliza, Joseph, and Samuel. He is listed as a brewer employing 1 laborer and 2 sons. Where is daughter, Maria? Is Henry Chappell, listed as the grandson, the son of Maria? It appears this may be the case.

    According to Langley Collis, William came across the isthmus by rail. He homesteaded Deer Valley, by Mount Diablo, by a Government War Grant. Watt and Will both worked Balfour- Guthrie share crop.

    The following information was written by Florence Elizabeth Collis Gates, daughter of Ann Esther Randall and William Collis. "William Collis was born 20 May 1826 at Chipping Hill*, Witham, Essex, England. He was educated in London, England and was an accomplished musician, specializing on the violin. He owned a Stradavarian violin, which he played at concerts. He also played a cornet professionally." "His father was a brewer and wealthy. so he had to study chemistry. Before his marriage, he made music his profession. "He was married to Anne Esther Randall on 18 November 1852, in St. Paul's Parish Chapel, London, England. She was born 13 March 1828. Two years after his marriage, he owned and operated a brewery in Richmond, England. He disposed of this when leaving for America." They left England 25 April 1858 for America." "In 1861 he enlisted in the 21st Reg. N.Y. volunteers at Buffalo, NY. He served under General Wadsworth, at Richmond, Virginia. He was injured and sent to Christian St. Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. When he recovered, he was placed in charge of the lab in the hospital. He was discharged Feb 9, 1863. He moved with his wife and family to San Francisco, California, in 1867."

    The following information is from a letter dated 1 March 1975 to Marilyn Parker from Alma Collis, daughter of William Arthur Collis, Who was the son of William and Anne Collis. Arthur was born in Barnes, England in 1854. He always said that he was born within the sound of "Big Ben". He was about 13 years old when he moved with his parents to San Francisco. Langley Collis is Alma's brother. "Langley and Marge Collis came to see me last Saturday. We had quite a visit and did some reminding each other about this and that. Langley says Dad and his family came from New Jersey via boat, across Panama, through jungles via donkey. Dad couldn't get over the monkeys. Then they got on another ship and came to San Francisco. Their furniture came around the horn."

    The following is taken from a letter dated December 1977 to Marilyn Parker from Marjorie Collis Ward, daughter of William Arthur Collis who was the son of William and Anne Collis. "I do hope you did (go to visit Langley Collis, her brother). You would have seen the portrait of Anne (Collis as a child). Langley had it hanging over the mantel in their living room. It is a charming painting. I loved it as a child and as an adult too. It hung in Aunt Florrie's house in Brentwood when I saw it first to remember. Although the old folks were great for `everything to the oldest son', who was my father William Arthur, I think he always felt Aunt Florrie deserved the portrait. She went into their burning home in San Francisco, the result of the earthquake of 1906, cut it out of its frame, rolled it up and ran back out through flames with it. Aunt Florrie gave it to Langley as `the oldest son of the oldest son'. He and Margaret treasured it. I believe their oldest, Reyburn, has it now."
    *Chipping Hill means market place. It is in East Essex, 1 mile north of Witham Parish on the River Brain. It was the site of a Roman Camp.

    England births and Christenings 1538-1975
    The index is an electronic database of information transcribed from original records.
    William Collis
    baptism/christening: 16 Jun 1826
    Witham, Essex, England
    father: Christopher Annett Collis
    mother: Maria
    indexing project batch# 104624-5
    source film # 1702677
    ref # item 8 p 107


    1841 England Census
    Name: William Collis
    Age: 15
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1826
    Gender: Male
    Civil parish: Lambeth
    Hundred: Brixton (Eastern Division)
    County/Island: Surrey
    Country: England
    Street Address: Camberwell Lane, South
    Registration district: Lambeth
    Sub-registration district: Brixton
    Neighbors:
    Household Members: Name Age
    Christoper Collis 40
    Eliza Collis 35
    William Collis 15
    George Collis . 10
    Maria Collis 10
    Samuel Collis 5
    Joseph Collis 5
    Dorcas Collis 5
    Eliza Collis 5
    Henry Parker 20 carpentar (probably Eliza, the wife's, brother

    The following is our William. The abstraction is incorrect. These should be two separate households with William at the start of the second. He couldn't possibly be the son of Richard and Sarah. Look at the ages of Richard and Sarah.
    1851 England Census
    Name: William Collis
    Age: 24
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1827
    Relation: Son
    Father's Name: Richard F (No he's not)
    Mother's Name: Sarah (No she's not)
    Gender: Male
    Where born: Witham, Essex, England
    Civil parish: Lambeth (Lambeth is just southwest of Southwark, England)
    Ecclesiastical parish: Brixton
    County/Island: Surrey
    Country: England
    Street Address: 8 Zoar Place, Royal Veteran
    Occupation: brewer now publican (British saloon keeper or inn keeper)
    Condition as to marriage: unmarried
    Registration district: Lambeth
    Sub-registration district: Brixton
    ED, institution, or vessel: 6
    Household schedule number: 18
    Household Members: Name Age
    William Collis 24 son, brewer now publican
    George S Collis 23 son, painter
    Delene Collis 19 should be Dorcus, daughter, publican assistant
    Belen A Collis 22 Should be Betsy Ann, neice
    Henry W Chappell 3 grandson
    Thomas Waite 22 servant
    Mary Ann Garling 34 servant
    Edward Turner 40 lodger

    Surrey, England, Church of England Baptisms, 1813-1912
    Name: William Collis
    Gender: Male
    Occupation: Brewer
    Abode: St John's Grove
    Parish as it Appears: Richmond
    Spouse: Anna Esther Collis
    Child: Laura Elizabeth Collis
    born 6 Apr 1856
    baptized 16 Jul 1856 Richmond, St Mary Magdalene
    Reference Number: P7/1/14

    New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957
    Name: William Collis
    Arrival Date: 3 Jun 1858
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1826
    Age: 32
    Port of Departure: London, England
    Destination: United States of America
    Place of Origin: England
    Ship Name: Cornelius Grinnell (Note:This was the 2nd Cornelius Grinnell, the first one having wrecked at Squan Beach, NJ in 1853 without loss of life.)
    Search Ship Database: Search the Cornelius Grinnell in the 'Passenger Ships and Images' database
    Port of Arrival: New York
    Line: 14
    Microfilm Serial: M237
    Microfilm Roll: M237_184
    List Number: 439
    Port Arrival State: New York
    Port Arrival Country: United States

    New York Port, Ship Images, 1851-1891
    Name: William Collis
    Arrival Date: 3 Jun 1858
    Age: 32
    Port of Departure: London, England
    Port of Arrival: New York, United States
    Ship Name: Cornelius Grinnell
    Ship built: 1850
    Shipping line: Swallowtail Line
    Ship tonnage: 1,118 tons
    Ship description: 3 masts

    Soundex index to petitions for naturalization from New York County.
    More information below
    New York Petitions for Naturalization Record about William Collis
    Name: William Collis
    Naturalization Date: 23 Aug 1858
    Former Nationality: English
    Title and Location of Court: Common Pleas Court, New York County
    Volume: 206
    Record Number: 164
    Note! Philadelphia Naturalization Rocords (fische # 6100592

    1859, Oct 8 -Collis, William - GR Brit - CP Court - Date of Declaration of intent/and or oath of allegiance.

    New York, Town Clerks' Registers of Men Who Served in the Civil War, ca 1861-1865
    Name: William Collis
    Birth Date: 1827
    Birth Place: England
    Residence Place: Buffalo, New York
    Enlistment Date: 8 May 1861
    Enlistment Location: Buffalo, Erie, New York
    Regiment: 21st Regimetn
    Company: F
    Rank: Private
    Race: White

    Civil War, Company Muster Roll:
    William Collis- Pvt. Co. F 21st Reg't of NY volunteers
    Enlisted by Captain Clinton, 4 day of May 1861, at Buffalo, N Y, to serve for 3 years.
    Mustered in 12 May 1861, Elmira, NY
    Detached service in hospital as a nurse, July -Oct 1861
    Returned to his company, 24 Oct 1861
    March/June 1862-sick in Washington Street Hospital, Alexandria, VA
    June 1862 Feb 1863-sick in Christian Street US General Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
    Discharged 9 Feb 1863 as incapable of performing the duties of a soldier
    (By reason of general debility connected with spinal irritation).

    ! BIR-MAR:Collis family bible in possession of Marilyn Parker

    William arrived in Philadelphia Pennsylvania in 1859, (source: 9292 pg. 166, United States Works Projects Administration, Index to records of Aliens' Declaration of Intentions and or oath of allegiance, 1789-1880 in U. S. Circuit Court, U.S. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia, 11 Vols. Compiled by WPA Project #10837. Sponsored by Pennsylvania Historical Commission, 1940, Lancour 188, (Vol. 1: Letter C, PP1-297) Wm. Collis was naturalized 6 Sept 1870, San Francisco, CA, 4th Dist.

    *1860 United States Federal Census
    Name: Wm Collis
    Age in 1860: 33
    Birth Year: abt 1827
    Birthplace: England
    Home in 1860: Buffalo Ward 2, Erie, New York
    Gender: Male
    Post Office: Buffalo
    Value of real estate: $200
    Household Members: Name Age
    Wm Collis 33 Eng Brewer
    Ann E Collis 32 Eng
    Ada Collis 6 Eng
    William Collis 5 Eng
    Bertha Collis 3 Eng
    Alfred Collis 1 NY

    U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995
    Name: William Collis
    Residence Year: 1868
    Street address: Mission and Preeita Avenue
    Residence Place: San Francisco, California, USA
    Occupation: Carpenter, Dwl
    Publication Title: San Francisco, California, City Directory, 1868

    *1870 United States Federal Census
    Name: Wm Collis
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1827
    Age in 1870: 43 house carpenter
    Birthplace: England
    Home in 1870: San Francisco Ward 9, San Francisco, California
    Family and neighbors:
    Annie E. 41 England
    Ada A. 15 Eng
    Wm A 16 Eng
    Austin W. 6 PA
    Rachel 4 NY
    Walter W. 2 CA
    Race: White
    Gender: Male
    Value of real estate:
    Post Office: San Francisco

    U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995
    Name: William Collis
    Residence Year: 1871
    Residence Place: San Francisco, California, USA
    Occupation: Liquor Saloon And Carpenter
    Publication Title: San Francisco, California, City Directory, 1871

    U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995
    Name: William Collis
    Residence Year: 1872
    Street address: llaggin and Berrv
    Residence Place: San Francisco, California, USA
    Occupation: Liquor Saloon
    Publication Title: San Francisco, California, City Directory, 1872

    U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995
    Name: William Collis
    Residence Year: 1873
    Street address: 130 Berry
    Residence Place: San Francisco, California, USA
    Occupation: Liquor Saloon
    Publication Title: San Francisco Directory, 1873

    U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995
    Name: William Collis
    Residence Year: 1874
    Residence Place: San Francisco, California, USA
    Occupation: Sticker (with B & J S Doe - doors, sashes, & blinds )
    Publication Title: San Francisco, California, City Directory, 1874

    *1880 United States Federal Census
    Name: William Collis
    Home in 1880: Township 5, Contra Costa, California
    Age: 54
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1826
    Birthplace: England
    Relation to head-of-household: Self
    Spouse's name: Esther A.
    Father's birthplace: ENG
    Mother's birthplace: ENG
    Neighbors:
    Occupation: Farmer
    Marital Status: Married
    Race: White
    Gender: Male
    Household Members: Name Age
    William Collis 54
    Esther A. Collis 51
    William A. Collis 24 (Ada A. was also listed on this line)
    Austin W. Collis 15
    Rachael Collis 12
    Walter W. Collis 11
    Florence E. Collis 10
    Lillian E. Collis 8

    U.S., Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934
    Name: William Collis
    Gender: Male
    Place Filed: California, USA
    Relation to Head: Soldier
    Spouse: Anne E Collis

    Search for Type: Births Surname: Collis County: Surrey England
    Birth date Surname First name(s) District Vol Page
    Dec 1853 COLLIS Ada Annie Richmond S
    Jun 1856 Collis Laura Elizabeth
    Dec 1857 Collis Anna Bertha
    Dec 1854 Collins ? William Arthur Richmond S

    Search for Deaths Surname: Collis County: Surrey England
    Mar 1839 Collis Female St George Southwark
    Mar 1839 COLLIS Female St Geo Southwk
    Dec 1839 Collis Female St Geo Sthwk
    Dec 1839 Collis Female St George Southwark
    Mar 1842 Collis Sarah St George Southwark
    lizabeth St George Southwark
    Jun 1849 Collis Herbert Richard Charles St George Southwark
    Jun 1853 Collis George St Geo Sk

    Appendix 1.
    The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, Vol. XXXV, 1888
    California Inter Pocula by Hubert Howe Bancroft
    http://books.google.com/books?id=pu0NAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA155&dq=California+by+the+isthmus+of+Panama#PPA177,M1

    The Voyage to California P157-8 (Crossing the Isthmus of Panama)

    (The Panama Railroad of seven miles was completed Jan 1858
    Seven miles of that great undertaking-great considering the time and the place -the Panama railway was accomplished when, on the first of March, 1852, we dropped anchor off Chagres; and to afford the company due encouragement, those seven miles must be traveled over, and contribution levied for the same, at the rate of nearly one dollar a mile, on every passenger crossing the Isthmus thereafter. So orders were given to weigh anchor, and proceed thence two or three leagues easterly to Colon, or Navy bay, then called Aspinwall, the name and glory of the first admiral being thrust aside for those of a New York money magnate. However, the old name of Colon was a few years after restored. There we disembarked, and rode over the seven miles of completed work, paying for the same quite liberally, when we were permitted to engage boats and ascend the Chagres river which we could as easily and as cheaply have done before as afterward.
    Crossing the Isthmus in early times, for an untravelled, provincial people, was a feat altogether individual and unique; a feat very different from a three or four hours' ride in comfortable rail-cars, through ever changing scenery which affords the observer constant delight, as the journey is now made.
    Chagres at this time was a town of about seven hundred native inhabitants, dwelling in some fifty windowless, bamboo huts, with thatched, palm-leaf roofs, and having open entrances, and the bare ground for a floor. The town was surrounded by heaps of filthy offal, and greasy, stagnant pools bordered with blue mud. It is situated on a small but exceedingly picturesque and almost land-locked bay, well nigh buried by the foliage that skirts its banks and rolls off in billowy emerald toward the hill beyond. Between the shore and mountains stretch away for miles in every direction broad, open savannahs, cut into farms covered with chaparral, and stocked with cattle. Where the river and ocean meet rises a bold bluff crowned by the castle of San Lorenzo, whose ruined fortress and battlements, gnawed to a skeleton by the teeth of time, gaze mournfully out upon the sea which lashes its waves against its steep foundations, as if determined to uproot in all these inhospitable parts the last vestige of the olden time. Fallen to the bottom of the cliff were parapet and guns; screaming sea-birds occupied the crumbling, moss-covered watch-tower; while within the dismounted cannon, bearing, with royal arms of Spain, the date of 1745, were slowly changing into rust. Remnants of the old paved road which ascends the hill were there, and the drawbridge over the moat--once wide and deep, but now rank with vegetation--leading to the main gateway; likewise the drawbridge to the citadel on the verge of the cliff, whence a charming view of sea and land may be had. At Chagres, passengers were accustomed to stay no longer than sufficed to engage boats and start on their journey. This region is specially noted for the insalubrity of its climate.

    COLON
    Aspinwall, or Navy bay, where the first blow upon the railway was struck, occupies a small swampy mud-reef called Manzanilla island, fringed with mangrove trees, and originally covered with interlacing vines and thorny shrubs, and inhabited only by reptiles, beasts and poisonous insects.
    The rainfall at Aspinwall is very heavy. During the rainy season, which is from May to January, the windows of heaven are opened, and in October and November there is a quick succession of deluges. Glued furniture falls in pieces; leather moulds, and iron oxidizes in twenty-four hours.
    Quite a contrast between the old and the new! In making the transit by rail, the day before reaching Aspinwall every one descended into the hold of the steamer, either in person or by proxy, selected his baggage, had it weighed and checked, and paid ten cents a pound for all over fifty pounds if a holder of a steerage ticket, and all over one hundred pounds if a holder of a cabin ticket. Baggage was then transferred to the steamer on the other side without further trouble to the owner. No sooner was the plank out than the slosely penned passengers, with a rush squeezed and stampeded--the American style of disembarking--hastened ashore, scattered themselves among the hotels, shops, and fruit venders, and were soon lost in present gratification of appetite, and in laying in a store of comforts and disease for the future. The pleasure of placing foot on shore after a long voyage, even though it be the soft spongy shore of Aspinwall, is exquisite. To a cramped sea-rolled landsman any spot of earth looks lovely, especially when viewed from the sea. To tread on solid ground, and feel mother earth beneath your feet again, seems like a return from supernatural regions. Thus to land and thus to cross the Isthmus is a pleasant change from the tiresome life on board the steamers. Railway passengers wish the ride was longer, wish they could so ride all the way to San Francisco. Seated by an open window, the face fanned by the motion of the train, and armed with a pitcher or pail of iced water, the ride is indeed charming. But at the time of which I write crossing the Isthmus was a very different affair, as I shall show.

    REDUNDANT VEGETATION

    Surpassingly beautiful is the foliage along the banks of this Circean stream. Rolling up from either side are mountains of impervious forest, gigantic, Rank, and wild. Every shade of green, somber and bright, mingles with rose-red, purple, white, and yellow, orange, blue, and pink in endless varying kaleidoscope. Solemn palms, thick-leaved mangoes, bold majestic teaks, and bounteous bananas are linked by crimson-blossomed parasites, which, twining, interlacing, creeping, and pendant, mat and unite all brotherhoods in close embrace, and over-reaching the glistening banks meet their image in the glassy waters. Bending acacias dig their sinewy roots into the soft earth to prevent falling, and weave their branches into thick screens; bread-fruit hangs in huge clusters overhead, and plantain pine-apple and orange, mango and lime, papaw alligator-pear and sugar-cane, yield profusely their spontaneous favors. It is no trifling matter to be a tree in the tropics. If erect and strong it is made a plant-patriarch, whether it will or not, and must support a dense mass of orchids, purple convolvuli, and creeping plants of almost every genus and species, which if spread upon the ground would form a thick carpet covering a space five times the area of the tree's shadow at noon-day; and when at last the forest behemoth is smothered to death, and dragged down by these relentless parasites, its sapless trunk is speedily buried in broad leaves and tender vines and bunches of spongy moss, and its tomb decorated with flaming flowers and delicate microscopic blossoms.
    Underneath dark vistas of shadowy colonnade are tall grasses and tangled shrubbery through which wild beasts with difficulty force their way. What in our colder climnes are rare exotics, here riot in the open air, bursting with exuberance. Innumerable flowers of every hue gild the landscape; the tiny blossoms of the north spread out in flaming proportions, or assume shapes in which they almost lose their identity, while innumerable species unknown to the northern naturalist abound in rank profusion. Chief among those, and one of the most remarkable that blooms in any clime is the Flor del Espiritu santo, the flower of the holy ghost. Lifting its graceful form from marshy pools and decayed logs to a height sometimes of six or seven feet, it throws out broad lanceolate leaves by pairs from jointed leaf-stalks, while on a leafless flower-stalk springing from the bulb are sometimes ten or fifteen tulip shaped blossoms of alabaster whiteness, and powerful magnolia perfume, enfolding within their tiny cups the prone image of a dove, formed in such consummate grace and symmetry as no art could approach. And with this emblem of innocence and celestrial purity rising from a sensual paradise; with its gentle head bent meekly forward, its exquisitely shaped pinions hanging listlessly by its sides, its tiny bill, tipped with delicate carmine, almost resting on its snow white breast, in form and feature the very incarnation of ethereal innocence--shall we blame the early priests for pointing the pooor natives to this flower, and telling them God is here:

    ANIMATED NATURE

    Palm trees of various descriptions line the banks, and gorgeous water lilies dip their fragrant heads as the boat passes over them. Every shower of rain is like the sprinkling of perfume on the vegetation. Birds of richly painted plumage and shrill song illuminate the forest; the dark, scarlet-breasted toucan, which tosses its food from its long serrated beak into the air and catches it in its throat, and in drinking, as the padres say, makes the signh of the cross, whence they call it Dios te de, (May God give thee); screaming parrots, parroquets and flamingoes with their harsh discordant voices, and black and yellow turpiales, wild turkeys, peacocks, and herons, and multitudes of others, gorgeously feathered and sweet of song, glitter amidst the shadowy green. Chattering monkeys leap from tree to tree and swing upon the pendent vines; mammoth blue butterflies, brilliant as the rainbow, dance in the sun and rise to match the azure of heaven on wings a hand broad; and bumming birds, beautiful as the butterflies, buzz and poise and dart from flower to flower. Myriads of insects with burnished coats of mail sparkle in the air and people the plants, while all through the day the shrill whistle of the chicharra--a kind of green grasshopper--is heard, which beginning in a low gurgle, rises into a clear blast like the whistle of a steam engine, and which may be distinguished a mile distant.

    Pg 177
    Down from the mountains and out of the tropical wilderness we approach the borders of the broad Pacific. Fromm a series of plains dotted with patches of black thorn and cactus, and groves of citron, orange, and mango, we strike into the paved road, cross the old stone bridge, and are soon among the plantations and suburban residences of Panama. Goats and herds of cattle now mingle with bands of pack mules, mounted stragglers, and pedestrians; water-carriers ply their trade with increased activity as the day draws to a close; houses, two and three stories in height, of wood and adobe, supplant the remoter reed huts, and following the current of gold-seekers we leave behind the shops outside the walls, cross the moat, and passing under the arched and towered gateway of Puerta de Tierra, with its old stone cross and bell, we enter Panama
    The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, Vol. XXXV, 1888

    William married Anne Esther RANDALL on 18 Nov 1852 in Saint Pauls Church, Hammersmith, Middlesex, England. Anne (daughter of Thomas RANDALL and Elizabeth Benfield) was born on 13 Mar 1828 in 77 London Rd, Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened on 15 Jun 1828 in St. George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England; died on 3 Jan 1918 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetary, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  2. 5.  Anne Esther RANDALL was born on 13 Mar 1828 in 77 London Rd, Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened on 15 Jun 1828 in St. George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England (daughter of Thomas RANDALL and Elizabeth Benfield); died on 3 Jan 1918 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetary, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.

    Other Events:

    • Reference Number: *
    • _MARNM: Collis
    • _UID: 2FCFE0BF19CAEE4B9563558B9287E802948E

    Notes:

    London, England, Births and Baptisms, 1813-1906 about Ann Esther Randall
    Name: Ann Esther Randall
    Record Type: Baptism
    Date: 15 Jun 1828
    Father's Name: Thomas Randall, butcher, London Rd.
    Mother's Name: Elizabeth Randall
    Parish: St George the Martyr
    Borough: Southwark
    County: Middlesex

    In February 1832 an outbreak of cholera broke out downstream in Rotherhithe, then part of Surre, quickly spreading pstream to Southwark and Lambeth in the same county, 13 Metropolitan police officers died of the disease along with the general public. written by Bernard Brown.

    NDGW # 69-005
    Anne's death certificate states her mother's maiden name as "Ann Beufield" could be Benfield.
    !CHRISTENING: LDS Extracted records- Batch # C022442 sheet 5665, call # 307693
    !BIRTH: Family Bible in possession of Marilyn Parker.
    !DEATH: State File #437 vol. 2 pg. 2084
    !CENSUS: 1900 California, Contra Costa County, film # 1240085, book # 280, Sheet # 6, she was living, a widow, as head of household with Lillian E., age 27, and Rachel, age 34, who were both single. The census stated she owned the home free. The value of her home in Brentwood upon Anne's death, 3 Jan 1918, was &1000.

    Sealed to Parents 22 Jan 1971 S G

    Anne Esther Randall was said to have been a lady in waiting to queen Victoria before Anne was married. ( The royal archives in England have no record of this and they say that they keep very good records of Ladies in Waiting. Nor do they have any record of her mother, Elizabeth or Ann Benfield as a lady in waiting.). The story is told by the family that the queen gave Anne a pair of silk stockings that are still in the family. As far as can be proven, it is just a fun family story.

    Anne Esther'Randall's family had their own coach and footman. Her father was a pork butcher on London Road in Southwark, England. Anne was christened at the church of England, Saint George the Martyr, just down the street. There was a debtor's prison next door to the church. At the time Anne was growing up, Charles Dicken's father was in that debtor's prison. Charles Dicken's would visit his father there. It is most likely that Charles Dicken's also attended that same church as a child. I don't know where she met her future husband, but the story passed down is that her father was not pleased that she married William Collis, who was a brewer. They married in 1852. Within 4 1/2 years they had 4 children: Ada, William, Laura, and Anna. Was it adventure that prompted them to immigrate to the United States? Whatever the reason, they were preparing to leave England, when their 3rd child, Laura Elizabeth, died suddenly, at 2 years of age, just 8 days before sailing. It is believed she died from the inoculations received in preparation for the trip. On 25 April 1858 they left from London, England, sailed for America on the ship Cornelius Grinnell with Capt A. G. Fletcher, and arrived in New York 3 June 1858. What a hardship to leave a little one behind. Another little boy, Alfred, was born to Anne almost a year after arriving in the U.S. Another little boy, Austin, was born nearly 5 years later. At ages 5 and 7, both Alfred and his sister, Anna, died within 2 weeks of each other. Rachael was born a year later in 1866. After being discharged from the Union Army, William and Anne decided to move west. Rachael was born in New Jersey before they left by freighter to go to the Isthmus of Panama. They crossed the Isthmus where they marveled at the monkeys. They then boarded a freighter up the Pacific Coast to San Francisco. Their furniture was shipped around the horn of South America. They settled in San Francisco where William was a saloon keeper. Their last three children, Walter, Florence, and Lillian were born in San Francisco, California. They had 10 children born to them, 3 of which died young. One child, Rachael, was listed as an imbecile, rumored to have been caused by a fall on her head,and never married.
    After the death of her husband, Anne maintained a home in Brentwood with her two unmarried daughters, Lillian and Rachel. In 1903 she lived at 566 Walter Street in San Francisco. She had a dowager hump caused by osteoporosis. The last 4 years before her death, she lived with her daughter, Florence Gates, because she needed contant attending. Anne died at age 90, January 2, 1918, of old age. She is buried in the Point of Timber Cemetary in Brentwood, Costa County, California. Her will left the ranch in Brentwood, valued at $1000, to be divided among her 6 surviving children.

    1841 England Census about Ann Randall
    Name: Ann Randall
    Age: 13
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1828
    Gender: Female
    Where born: Surrey, England
    Civil Parish: St George The Martyr
    Hundred: Southwark
    County/Island: Surrey
    Country: England
    Street Address: Occupation:
    Registration District: St George Southwark
    Sub-registration District: London Road
    Neighbors:
    Piece: 1086
    Book: 5
    Folio: 37
    Page Number: 18
    Household Members: Name Age
    Thomas Randall 38
    Elizabeth Randall 32
    Ann Randall 13
    Edwin Randall 7
    Elizabeth Randell 5
    Amelia Randell 4 Mo


    1851 England Census about Ann Randall
    Name: Ann Randall
    Age: 28
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1823
    Relation: Daughter
    Father's Name: Thomas Randall
    Mother's Name: Elizabeth Randall
    Gender: F (Female)
    Where born: St. Georges, Surrey, England
    Civil Parish: Southwark St George
    County/Island: Surrey
    Country: England
    Street Address: Occupation: Condition as to marriage: Disability:
    Registration District: St George Southwark
    Sub-registration District: London Road
    ED, institution, or vessel: 4
    Neighbors:
    Household Schedule Number: 42
    Piece: 1565
    Folio: 99
    Page Number: 14
    Household Members: Name Age
    Thomas Randall 48
    Elizabeth Randall 42
    Ann Randall 28
    Thomas Randall 20
    James Randall 18
    Edwin Randall 17
    Elizabeth Randall 15
    David Stonehill 20
    Samuel Atterbury 23
    Emma Luck 29

    1860 United States Federal Census
    Name: Ann E Collis
    Age in 1860: 32
    Birth Year: abt 1828
    Birthplace: England
    Home in 1860: Buffalo Ward 2, Erie, New York
    Gender: Female
    Post Office: Buffalo
    Value of real estate: 200
    Household Members: Name Age
    Wm Collis 33 butcher
    Ann E Collis 32
    Ada Collis 6
    William Collis 5
    Bertha Collis 3
    Alfred Collis 1

    1900 United States Federal Census
    Name: Annie E Collis
    Home in 1900: Supervisors District 5, Contra Costa, California
    Age: 42
    Estimated birth year: abt 1858
    Birthplace: England
    Relationship to head-of-house: Head
    Race: White
    Home owned free
    Immigration year: 1857
    Household Members: Name Age
    Annie E Collis 42
    Lillian E Collis 27 Asst. Post mistress
    Rachel Collis 34

    1910 United States Federal Census
    Name: Anne E Collis [Anne E Callis]
    Age in 1910: 82
    Birth Year: abt 1828
    Birthplace: England
    Home in 1910: Township 9, Contra Costa, California, Railroad Ave.
    Race: White
    Gender: Female
    Immigration Year: 1858
    Relation to Head of House: Head
    Marital Status: Widowed
    Father's Birthplace: England
    Mother's Birthplace: England
    Neighbors:
    Household Members: Name Age
    Anne E Collis 82 10 children, 6 living
    Rachel Collis 40

    Notes:

    England, Select Marriages, 1538–1973
    Name: William Collis
    Gender: Male
    Marital Status: Single
    Age: 26
    Birth Date: 1826
    Marriage Date: 18 Nov 1852
    Marriage Place: St. Paul, Hammersmith, Middlesex, England
    Father: Christopher Aus...Ett Collis
    Spouse: Ann Esther Randall
    FHL Film Number: 1966291
    Reference ID: it 1, pg 190, rn 379

    Children:
    1. Ada Annie COLLIS was born on 12 Nov 1853 in Barnes, Surrey, England; died on 16 Nov 1925 in Stockton, San Joaquin, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetery, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.
    2. William Arthur COLLIS was born on 24 Nov 1854 in Barnes, Surrey, England; died on 25 Jan 1937 in Stockton, San Joaquin, California, United States; was buried in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.
    3. Laura Elizabeth COLLIS was born on 6 Apr 1856 in Richmond, Surrey, England; was christened on 16 Jul 1856 in St. Mary Magdelene, Richmond, Surrey, England; died on 17 Apr 1858 in Southwark, Surrey, England.
    4. Anna Bertha COLLIS was born on 23 Aug 1857 in Camberwell, Surrey, England; died on 24 Jan 1865 in Kensington, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; was buried in Kensington, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
    5. Alfred George COLLIS was born on 9 May 1859 in Buffalo, Erie, New York, United States; died on 2 Feb 1865 in KensingPhiladelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; was buried in Union Cemetery, Kennington, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
    6. 2. Austin Watson COLLIS was born on 29 Jan 1864 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; was christened on 21 Aug 1864 in Zion Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; died on 8 Apr 1942 in Pittsburg, Contra Costa, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetery, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.
    7. Rachael COLLIS was born on 9 Feb 1866 in Hammonton, Atlantic, New Jersey, United States; died on 10 Aug 1912 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetery, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.
    8. Walter Winner COLLIS was born on 14 Sep 1868 in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; died on 22 Jan 1930 in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetery, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.
    9. Florence Elizabeth COLLIS was born on 8 Jan 1871 in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; died on 9 Jan 1945 in Stockton, San Joaquin, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetary, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.
    10. Lillian Esther COLLIS was born on 11 Oct 1872 in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; was christened on 27 Jul 1873 in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; died on 16 Feb 1954 in Stockton, San Joaquin, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetery, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.

  3. 6.  George W NICHOLSON was born on 6 Jan 1846 in Illinois, United States (son of John NICHOLSON and Frances Field); died on 12 Sep 1878 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.

    Other Events:

    • _UID: FBA493EFF1673A448E069F5B4567D8889176

    Notes:


    1860 United States Federal Census
    about George Nicholson
    Name: George Nicholson
    Age in 1860: 14
    Birth Year: abt 1846
    Birthplace: Illinois
    Home in 1860: Township 2, Contra Costa, California
    Gender: Male
    Post Office: Lafayette and Alamo
    Value of real estate: View Image
    Household Members:
    Name Age
    John H Nicholson 40
    Francis Nicholson 37
    Henry Nicholson 15
    George Nicholson 14
    Isabella Nicholson 11
    John Nicholson 7
    Mary Nicholson 5
    Goulder Nicholson 3
    Martha Nicholson 1

    1870 United States Federal Census
    about George Nicholson
    Name: George Nicholson
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1846
    Age in 1870: 24
    Birthplace: Illinois
    Home in 1870: Eden, Alameda, California
    Race: White
    Gender: Male
    Value of real estate: View Image
    Post Office: Hayward
    Household Members:
    Name Age
    George Nicholson 24
    Nancy Nicholson 21 born Iowa
    Clara Nicholson 1 born CA
    Ella Nicholson 2/12 born CA
    Homer Howard 23 farm labor
    Hugh Baxter 29 "
    James Smith 32 "
    George Silvia 18 "

    George married Nancy HOWARD on 22 Apr 1868 in , Alameda, California, United States. Nancy was born on 22 Feb 1849 in Iowa, United States; died in in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  4. 7.  Nancy HOWARD was born on 22 Feb 1849 in Iowa, United States; died in in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.

    Other Events:

    • _UID: 3D31FDCABCF75C4FB36A02248040983361F4

    Notes:

    Her family was from Kentucky.

    Children:
    1. 3. Clara Eva NICHOLSON was born on 5 Feb 1869 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; died on 20 Jul 1914 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetery, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.
    2. Ella NICHOLSON was born on 26 Apr 1870 in Black Hills, Contra Costa, California, United States.
    3. Albert NICHOLSON was born about 1872 in Black Hills, Contra Costa, California, United States.


Generation: 4

  1. 8.  Christopher Annett COLLIS was born on 7 May 1800 in Braintree, Essex, England; was christened on 24 Jul 1801 in Braintree, Essex, England (son of Samuel COLLIS and Susannah SMITH); died in Jun 1869 in South Stoneham, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom; was buried in South Stoneham, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom.

    Other Events:

    • Occupation: 1832: Baker, Victualler; residence 1839:
    • Reference Number: *
    • _UID: 2F6625C640922E42B30FABD42757EF2F9F37

    Notes:

    Things to do:
    1. Look through records in binder to add details
    2. Is there an 1831 Census? no
    3. Are there news articles or advertisements for Star brewery or Kennington Brewery?
    4. Who did temple work for Christopher Annett Collis, mother, Susannah Smith/Collis?
    5. Can more info on children be found? What about New Zealand/Australia?
    6. 4. What is the name of the town where the White Horse Inn was located? Bert's email states it was in Witham.

    Timeline for Christopher Annett Collis:

    1800 May 7 Christopher born Braintree, Essex, England
    1821 marriage: June 7 Maria Bridge in Witham, Essex, England
    1822 Aug 11 daughter, Jane, born Essex County to Chrisopher and Maria
    1824 son, Samuel Annett, born Essex
    1825 son, Samuel Annett, died Witham, Essex, England
    1826 May 20 son, William, born Witham,
    1827 Christopher went bankrupt
    1828 April 16 son, George Smith Collis, born Witham,
    1829 Feb 9 daughter, Maria, born Witham,
    1830 Poll Books and Electoral Registers Christopher A Collis, Witham
    1831 May 21 daughter, Dorcus, born Witham,
    1832 Christopher was a baker, brewer in Witham,
    1833 Death: May 23, wife, Maria, in Witham,
    1833 Christopher moves to Chelmsford as a brewer's clerk at Kennington Brewery, Dorset St
    and Chapham Rd near the oval cricket grounds in London.
    1836 son? Joseph Collis born (he was born after Christopher's wife Maria died and before he married Eliza)
    1838 Oct 19 Marries Eliza Parker at St. Giles Cripplegate, London England. 1839 daughter, Eliza Collis born
    1839 Owned a Tavern/Public House, The Woolpack Inn (near the White Horse Inn), Church St. Chipping Hill,
    Witham
    1839 Pigot's Directory: baker, Chipping Hill, Witham (Baker's yeast and yeast for ale may have been
    interchangeable at that time)
    1841 Census: Christopher and Eliza living Brixton, Lambeth, Surrey, England
    1844 Sept, wife, Eliza dies, Lambeth, Surrey, England
    1846 Jul 9 marries Alice Scott Honeysett at St. Giles Cripplegate, London England.
    1851 Census: Christopher with wife, Alice, in Hounslow, Middlesex 177 London Rd, Brewer at Star Brewery,
    employing 1 labor and two sons
    1851 London, England, Electoral Registers, Christopher in Heston, Star Brewery
    1853 London, England, Electoral Registers, Christopher in Heston, Star Brewery
    1868 Christopher marries Elizabeth Archer age 37, spinster
    1869 Death: Christopher South Stoneham, Hampshire age 69



    According to the records sent to me from Bert Collis I write the following:
    Christopher was bankrupt in 1827 and paid his creditors 2s.6d. in the pound. (i.e. One eighth) but by 1833 he was buying a small house in Witham and started in business as a victualler and baker. In 1833 he was in Chelmsford and was listed as a brewer's clerk of Kennington Brewery, Dorset Street and Chapham Rd. Brewer's clerk. (44 K from Witham, 35 K from Chelmsford. He also with his brother William became tenant of the Swan Inn at Brentwood in Essex. (Quite a coincidence! He soon failed again owing nearly four hundred pounds mainly to the brewers and was again made bankrupt. The Essex Record Office has a thick wad of court papers on the claims and counter claims. It includes a letter written by Christopher A Collis to the brewers solicitors. Christopher moved to London and became Brewers Clerk at the Kennington Brewery in Dorset St. Clapham Road. (This was near the Oval Cricket Ground). His father Samuel Collis was buried at Braintree on Jan 27th 1832, age 70 (Information from Bert Collis)

    http://search.labs.familysearch.org
    England births and Christenings 1538-1975
    The index is an electronic database of information transcribed from original records.
    Christopher Annett Collis
    baptism/christening:24 Jul 1801
    Braintree, Essex, England
    father: Samuel Collis
    mother: Susannah
    indexing project batch# 103390-0
    source film # 1702171

    UK, Poll Books and Electoral Registers, 1538-1893
    Name: Christopher A Collis
    Poll Year: 1830
    Residence: Witham
    Where Freehold lies: White Notley Houses occupier: Hawkes
    Hundred: Lexden And Witham
    County: Essex

    (page 111;1838 Marriage solemnized in
    the Parish Church in the Parish of St Giles without Cripplegate in the city of London.
    No. 222 Married 19 Oct 1838, Christopher Annett Collis, age 39, bachelor, profession: Brewer, Residence:
    Witham, Essex, Father's name: Samuel Collis, Profession of father: Sadler
    Eliza Parker, age 31, Spinster, residence: Witham, Essex, Father's name: Henry Parker, profession of father:
    Sawyer)

    1841 England Census Christoper Collis
    Name: Christoper Collis
    Age: 40
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1801
    Gender: Male
    Civil Parish: Lambeth (St. Mary Lambeth Parish)
    Hundred: Brixton (Eastern Division)
    County/Island: Surrey
    Country: England
    Street address: Camberwell Lane South Occupation: Brewer
    Source information: HO107/1054/1
    Registration district: Lambeth
    Sub-registration district: Brixton
    ED, institution, or vessel: 2
    Folio: 31
    Page:
    Line number: 12
    GSU Number: 474652
    Household: Name: age
    Christoper Collis 40
    Eliza 35,
    William 15,
    George 14,
    Maria 10,
    Samuel 5,
    Joseph 5,
    Dorcus 5,
    Eliza 5,
    Henry Parker 20 (probably Eliza's brother) carpenter

    1851 England Census Christopher A Collis
    Name: Christopher A Collis
    Age: 52
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1799
    Relation: Head
    Spouse's name: Alice
    Gender: Male
    Where born: Braintree, Essex, England
    Civil Parish: Heston
    Ecclesiastical parish: Holy Trinity
    Town: Hounslow
    County/Island: Middlesex
    Country: England
    Street address: 177 London Rd. Occupation: Brewer employing 1 labor and two sons
    Registration district: Brentford
    Sub-registration district: Isleworth
    ED, institution, or vessel: 1a
    Neighbors:
    Household schedule number: 177 Star Brewery, London Road
    Household Members: Name Age
    Alice Collis 53 wife, born Norfolk, Thilgay
    Christopher A Collis 52 brewer
    Samuel Collis 17 son, born Witham, Essex brewer
    Joseph Collis 15 son, born Witham, Essex brewer
    Eliza Collis 14 daughter, born Witham, Essex scholar at home

    London, England, Electoral Registers, 1832-1965
    Name: Christopher Annett Collis
    Year: 1851
    County or Borough: Star Brewery, London
    Smallberry Green, Hounslow Road, in the parish of Heston, County of Middlesex
    Ward or Division/Constituency: Heston

    London, England, Electoral Registers, 1832-1965
    Name: Christopher Annett Star Collis
    Year: 1853
    County or Borough: London, County of Middlesex
    Ward or Division/Constituency: Heston
    Street address: Star Brewery, Smallberry-green Hounslow

    England & Wales, FreeBMD Marriage Index: 1837-1983
    Name: Christopher Annett Collis age 67, widower, reside Portswood, father Samuel Collis, Saddler
    and Elizabeth Archer age 37, spinster, reside Portswood, father William Archer, Blacksmith
    Year of Registration: 1868
    Quarter of Registration: 21-Mar
    District: South Stoneham
    County: Hampshire
    Volume: 2c
    Page: 89

    England & Wales, FreeBMD Death Index: 1837-1983
    Surname Given Name District Volume Page
    Deaths Jun 1869 age 68
    Collis Christopher Annett S. Stoneham 2c 29
    The district S. Stoneham is an alternative name for South Stoneham and it is in the county of Hampshire

    Food in the 17th Century
    In the early 17th century people began eating food with forks for the first time.
    During the century new foods were introduced into England (for the rich) such as bananas and pineapples. New drinks were introduced, tea and coffee. In the late 17th century there were many coffee houses in the towns. Merchants and professional men met there to read newspapers and talk shop.
    In the late 17th century the rich began eating ice cream. Many rich people built special underground chambers in the grounds of their houses for preserving ice during the summer. The ice was covered in straw to preserve it.
    However for the poor food remained plain and monotonous. They subsisted on food like bread, cheese and onions. Ordinary people continued to eat pottage each day.
    Food in the 18th Century
    There was little change in food in the 18th century. Despite the improvements in farming food for ordinary people remained plain and monotonous. For them meat was a luxury. A poor person's food was mainly bread and potatoes. In the 18th century drinking tea became common even among ordinary people.
    19th Century Food
    In the early 19th century the working class lived on plain food such as bread, butter, potatoes and bacon. Butcher's meat was a luxury. However things greatly improved in the late 19th century. Railways and steamships made it possible to import cheap grain from North America so bread became cheaper. Refrigeration made it possible to import cheap meat from Argentina and Australia. Consumption of sugar also increased. By the end of the 19th century most people (not all) were eating much better food.
    The first fish and chip shops in Britain opened in the 1860s. By the late 19th century they were common in towns and cities.
    In the late 19th century the first convenience food in tins and jars went on sale. Although the principle of canning was invented at the end of the 18th century tinned food first became widely available in the 1880s. The can opener was invented in 1855 and the rotary can opener followed in 1870. Furthermore in the 1870s margarine, a cheap substitute for butter, was invented. Tomato ketchup was invented in 1874.
    Several new biscuits were invented in the 19th century including the Garibaldi (1861), the cream cracker (1885) and the Digestive (1892). Furthermore new sweets were invented during the 19th century including peanut brittle (1890) and liquorice allsorts (1899).
    For centuries people drank chocolate but the first chocolate bar was made in 1847. Milk chocolate was invented in 1875.

    19th Century Britain
    In the 19th century Britain became the world's first industrial society. It also became the first urban society. By 1851 more than half the population lived in towns.
    The population of Britain boomed during the 19th century. In 1801 it was about 9 million. By 1901 it had risen to about 41 million.
    This was despite the fact that many people emigrated to North America and Australia to escape poverty. About 15 million people left Britain between 1815 and 1914.
    However there were also many immigrants. In the 1840s many people came from Ireland, fleeing a terrible potato famine. In the 1880s the Tsar began persecuting Russian Jews. Some fled to Britain and settled in the East End of London.
    19th Century Society
    In the early 19th century Britain was an oligarchy. Only a small minority of men (and no women) were allowed to vote. The situation began to change in 1832 when the vote was given to more men. Constituencies were also redrawn and many industrial towns were represented for the first time. The franchise was extended again in 1867 and 1883. In 1872 the secret ballot was introduced.
    However in the 19th century at least 80% of the population was working class. In order to be considered middle class you had to have at least one servant. Most servants were female. (Male servants were much more expensive because men were paid much higher wages). Throughout the 19th century 'service' was a major employer of women.
    In the 19th century families were much larger than today. That was partly because infant mortality was high. People had many children and accepted that not all of them would survive.
    In a 19th century family the Father was head of the family. He wife and children respected him and obeyed him (at least that was the theory!). Until 1879 a man could legally beat his wife and until 1882 all a woman's property, even the money she earned, belonged to her husband. Divorce was made legal in 1857 but it was very rare in the 19th century.

    Christopher married Maria BRIDGE on 7 Jun 1821 in Witham, Essex, England. Maria (daughter of George BRIDGE and Elizabeth Endersby) was born about 1797 in Witham, Essex, England; was christened on 18 Feb 1797 in Witham, Essex, England; died on 23 May 1833 in Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England; was buried in Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  2. 9.  Maria BRIDGE was born about 1797 in Witham, Essex, England; was christened on 18 Feb 1797 in Witham, Essex, England (daughter of George BRIDGE and Elizabeth Endersby); died on 23 May 1833 in Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England; was buried in Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England.

    Other Events:

    • Reference Number: *
    • _MARNM: Mrs Christopher Annett Collis
    • _UID: 5A9DF27CE32F49438EFC7E2F0B37BCDC1491

    Notes:

    Maria died at age 36

    Notes:


    Maria Bridge
    England, Essex Parish Registers
    Name Christopher Collis
    Event Type Marriage
    Event Date 07 Jun 1821
    Event Place Witham, Essex, England
    Gender Male
    Marital Status Married
    Spouse's Name Maria Bridge

    Children:
    1. Jane COLLIS was born on 11 Aug 1822 in Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England; was christened on 11 Aug 1822 in Witham, Essex, England; died in Dec 1895 in Braintree, Essex, England.
    2. Samuel Annett COLLIS was born in 1824 in Witham, Essex, England; died in 1825 in Witham, Essex, England.
    3. 4. William COLLIS was born on 20 May 1826 in Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England; died on 3 Feb 1900 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; was buried on 5 Feb 1900 in Union Cemetary, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.
    4. George Smith COLLIS was born on 16 Apr 1828 in Witham, Essex, England; was christened on 16 Apr 1828 in Witham, Essex, England; died about Aug 1906 in Reading, Berkshire, England.
    5. Maria COLLIS was born on 9 Feb 1829 in Witham, Essex, England; was christened on 9 Feb 1829 in Witham, Essex, England.
    6. Dorcus COLLIS was born on 21 May 1831 in Witham, Essex, England; was christened on 21 May 1831 in Witham, Essex, England; died in Sep 1896 in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England.
    7. Samuel Annett COLLIS was born about 1833 in Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England; died in Sep 1909 in Birmingham, Warwickshire, England.

  3. 10.  Thomas RANDALL was born about 1802 in , Wiltshire, England; was christened on 24 Oct 1802 in Saint Denys, Warminster, Wiltshire, England (son of James RANDALL and Ann Gardner); died on 12 Jan 1857 in Southwark, Surrey, England; was buried on 12 Jan 1857 in Norwood Cemetery, Norwood Rd, Lambeth, Surrey, England.

    Other Events:

    • Reference Number: *
    • _UID: 70EA9F4CCD48524287F1FE730935FB6E7EA7

    Notes:

    Things to do:
    1. Who did temple work for Thomas
    2. email relatives of Thomas
    3. marriage of Elizabeth Frances Randall and other children

    Is this the right Thomas Randall?
    England & Wales Christening Records, 1530-1906 about Thomas Randall
    Name: Thomas Randall
    Gender: Male
    Birth Date: abt 1802
    Christening Date: 24 Oct 1802
    Christening Place: Saint Denys, Warminster, Wiltshire, England
    Father's name: James Randall
    Mother's name: Ann

    Timeline for Thomas Randall:
    1803 Thomas born Wiltshire, England
    1826 married Elizabeth Benfield
    1828 Mar 13, daughter, Anne born in 77 London Rd, Southwark, Surrey, England
    1831 son, Thomas Enos born in Southwark, Surrey, England
    1833 son, James born in Southwark
    1834 son, Edwin born in Southwark
    1835 Sep 30, daughter, Elizabeth Frances born in Southwark
    1841 Feb 6 Amelia Rosalie born in Southwark
    1841 Census, living as a butcher with family in 78-79 London Road, Southwark, Surrey, England
    1850 Feb 19, Emily Maria born in Southwark
    1851 Census, living as a butcher with family in 78-79 London Road, Southwark, Surrey, England
    1857 Jan 20, Thomas died in Southwark, Surrey, England; buried Norwood Cemetery, Norwood Road, Lambeth,
    greater London, England

    1841 England Census
    Name: Thomas Randall
    Age: 38
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1803
    Gender: Male
    Where born: Surrey, England
    Civil Parish: St George The Martyr
    Hundred: Southwark
    County/Island: Surrey
    Country: England
    Street address: 78-79 London Road, Occupation: butcher
    Registration district: St George Southwark
    Sub registration district: London Road
    Neighbors:
    Household Members: Name Age
    Thomas Randall 38
    Elizabeth Randall 32
    Ann Randall 13
    Edwin Randall 7
    Elizabeth Randell 5
    Amelia Randell 4 Mo
    George Smith 26 male servant
    Mary Ann Randell 17 female servant

    1851 England Census
    Name: Thomas Randall
    Age: 48
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1803
    Relation: Head
    Spouse's Name: Elizabeth Randall
    Gender: M (Male)
    Where born: Wiltshire, England
    County: Surrey
    Country: England
    Street Address: 78 London Road
    Occupation: Condition as to marriage:
    Registration district: St George Southwark
    Sub-registration district: London Road
    ED, institution, or vessel: 4
    Household schedule number: 42
    Household Members: Name Age
    Thomas Randall 48 butcher born Wiltshire
    Elizabeth Randall 42 butcher assistant born Gloucester City
    Ann Randall 28 " Born Surrey St George
    Thomas Randall 20 " Born Surrey St George
    James Randall 18 " Born Surrey St George
    Edwin Randall 17 " Born Surrey St George
    Elizabeth Randall 15 " Born Surrey St George
    David Stonehill 20 journeyman butcher
    Samuel Atterbury 23 "
    Emma Luck 29 servant

    Thomas employed thirty-five men. He had two live-in journeymen butchers and one girl house servant.
    Charles nor the 2 little girls, Amelia and Emily, were in this census. perhaps the 2 little girls had died.
    Charles was married, on his own, and is listed in the 1851 census in Surrey, Southwark, as a journeyman butcher with another butcher.

    England & Wales, FreeBMD
    Death Index: 1837-1983
    Name: Thomas Randall
    Year of Registration: 1857
    Quarter of Registration: Jan-Feb-Mar
    District: St George Southwark
    County: Surrey
    Volume: 1d
    Page: 115
    Elizabeth Frances was administrator of Thomas' will.

    London, England, Deaths and Burials, 1813-1980 about Thomas Randall
    Name: Thomas Randall
    Record Type: Burial
    Estimated Death Date: abt 1857
    Burial Date: 12 Jan 1857
    Age: 54
    Residence: London Rd., Southwark
    Estimated birth year: abt 1803
    Parish or Poor Law Union: Norwood Cemetery, Norwood Road, Lambeth
    Borough: Lambeth
    County: Surrey

    Christening dates found in the 1988 IGI-England, London County Microfische # C0327

    England Vital records (freebmd.rootsweb.com)
    Date Death Surname Given Name Age District Volume Page
    Sep 1837 RANDALL William St George Southwk IV 111
    Sep 1838 Randall Ann St Geo Southwark 4 11
    Sep 1838 Randall Elizabeth St Geo Southwark 4 11
    Dec 1838 RANDALL William St George Southwark 4 89
    Jun 1840 RANDALL George St Geo Southk 4 303
    Sep 1845 RANDALL Ann Cranage St Geo Southk 4 269
    Dec 1847 Randall Jane Southk St Geo 4 415
    Dec 1848 RANDALL James David St Geo Southk 4 372
    Sep 1849 Randall Thomas St Geo Southk 4 877
    Sep 1851 RANDALL George S Geo South 4 301
    Mar 1852 RANDALL Ann St George Southwark 1d 133
    Mar 1854 Randall Mary Jane St. Geo. Sk. 1d 135
    Sep 1854 Randall Thomas James Harfo St Geo Sk 1d 34
    Mar 1857 Randall Thomas St George S . 1d 115
    Dec 1859 Randall Charles Arthur St George S 1d 130
    Mar 1854 RANDALL Mary Elizabeth St George S 1d 151
    Mar 1866 Randall Richard 59 St. George S . 1d 122
    Sep 1866 Randall Benjamin C 1 St George Southwark 1d 135
    Sep 1866 Randall Matilda 32 St George Southwark 1d 126

    Search for Type: Births Surname: Collis County: Surrey
    Birth date Surname First name(s) District Vol Page
    Mar 1841 Randall Amelia Rosalin St Geo Southk 4 44[8_]
    Mar 1850 Randall Emily Maria Southk S Geo 4 513

    Thomas married Elizabeth Benfield on 5 Mar 1826 in Tower Hamlets, St Mary Whitechapel, London, England. Elizabeth (daughter of Thomas Benfield and Keziah Pocket) was born in 1808 in Glouster City, Gloustershire, England; was christened on 26 Dec 1808 in St Michael, Glouster City, Gloustershire, England; died on 9 Aug 1866 in Liverpool, Lancashire, England; was buried in Anfield Cemetery and Crematorium Anfield, Metropolitan Borough of Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  4. 11.  Elizabeth Benfield was born in 1808 in Glouster City, Gloustershire, England; was christened on 26 Dec 1808 in St Michael, Glouster City, Gloustershire, England (daughter of Thomas Benfield and Keziah Pocket); died on 9 Aug 1866 in Liverpool, Lancashire, England; was buried in Anfield Cemetery and Crematorium Anfield, Metropolitan Borough of Liverpool, Merseyside, England.

    Other Events:

    • Reference Number: *
    • _MARNM: Randall
    • _UID: 7BECFBFF9960A2428B42610DDBE205B8F3A4

    Notes:

    The death certificate of Ann Randall (daughter of Elizabeth and Thomas) states her mother's maiden name as Beufield (sic) The death certificate of James Randall (son of Elizabeth and Thomas) states his mother's maiden name as Benfield. There are lots of Benfields in Gloucestershire where the census records state Elizabeth was born.

    England Births and Christenings 1538-1975
    Elizabeth Benfield
    christening: 26 Dec 1808
    St Michael, Gloucester, Gloucester, England
    Residence: Gloucester, England
    Father: Thomas Benfield
    Mother: Kezia

    1841 England Census
    Name: Elizabeth Randall
    Age: 32
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1809
    Gender: Female
    Where born: Surrey, England
    Civil parish: St George The Martyr
    Hundred: Southwark
    County/Island: Surrey
    Country: England
    Street Address: Occupation:
    Registration district: St George Southwark
    Sub-registration district: London Road
    Neighbors:
    Piece: 1086
    Book: 5
    Folio: 37
    Page Number: 18
    Household Members: Name Age
    Thomas Randall 38
    Elizabeth Randall 32
    Ann Randall 13
    Edwin Randall 7
    Elizabeth Randell 5
    Amelia Randell 4 Mo

    1851 England Census
    Name: Elizabeth Randall
    Age: 42
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1809
    Relation: Wife
    Spouse's Name: Thomas butcher employing 35 men
    Gender: Female
    Where born: City, Gloucestershire, England
    Civil parish: Southwark St George
    County: Surrey
    Country: England
    Street Address: 78 London Road
    Occupation: Condition as to marriage:
    Registration district: St George Southwark
    Sub-registration district: London Road
    ED, institution, or vessel: 4
    Household schedule number: 42
    Household Members: Name Age
    Thomas Randall 48 butcher born Wiltshire
    Elizabeth Randall 42 butcher assistant born Gloucester City
    Ann Randall 28 " Born Surrey St George
    Thomas Randall 20 " Born Surrey St George
    James Randall 18 " Born Surrey St George
    Edwin Randall 17 " Born Surrey St George
    Elizabeth Randall 15 " Born Surrey St George
    David Stonehill 20 "
    Samuel Atterbury 23 "
    Emma Luck 29 servant

    Chs Randall in the London, England, Land Tax Records, 1692-1932
    Record Image View
    Add alternate information
    Report issue
    Tenant: Chs Randall
    Proprietor: Mrs Randell
    First Year of Section: 1865
    Civil Parish or Ward: St George the Martyr, England
    Borough or County: Southwark
    Call Number: LT92/01/046
    Save Ignore

    Could this be the death index for Elizabeth, the daughter?
    Surname Given Name District Volume Page
    Deaths Jun 1861
    Randall Elizabeth St. George S. 1d 116
    The district St. George S. is an alternative name for St George Southwark and it is in the county of Surrey;

    Probable siblings of Elizabeth Benfield.
    Pallot's Baptism Index for England: 1780 - 1837 Birth, Marriage & Death (also IGI fische)
    Name: Hannah Benfield Mother: Keziah Benfield Father: Thos Benfield Baptism: 11 Jan 1804 - Gloucester, St. Michael, Gloucestershire
    Name: Wm Benfield Mother: Heziah Benfield Father: Thos Benfield Baptism: 21 Jul 1805 - Gloucester, St. Michael, Gloucestershire
    Name: Eliz Benfield Mother: Heziah Benfield Father: Thos Benfield Baptism: 28 Dec 1808 - Gloucester, St. Michael, Gloucestershire
    Name: Joseph Benfield Mother: Keziah Benfield Father: Thos Benfield Baptism: 2 Jan 1811 - Gloucester, St. Michael, Gloucestershire
    Name: Thomas Benfield Mother: Keziah Benfield Father: Thos Benfield Baptism: 29 Sep 1794 - Gloucester, St. Michael, Gloucestershire

    Who are these people?
    1841 England Census
    Name: Ann Benfield Age: 40 Estimated Birth Year: abt 1801 Gender: Female Where born: Middlesex, England Civil parish: St Giles Without Cripplegate Hundred: London Without the Walls County/Island: Middlesex Country: England Street Address: Occupation:
    Registration district: East London Sub-registration district: Cripplegate
    Household Members: Name Age
    Charles Benfield 55
    Ann Benfield 40
    George Benfield 12
    Eliza Benfield 7
    Rebecca Benfield 3

    Who are these people?
    1861 England Census
    Name: Eliza Thos Benfield Age: 59
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1802 Relation: Head
    Spouse's Name: Susanna Gender: Male Where born: Portsea, Hampshire, England
    Civil parish: Southwark St George
    Ecclesiastical parish: Southwark St George County/Island: Surrey Country: England Street Address: Occupation: Condition as to marriage:
    Registration district: St George Southwark
    Sub-registration district: Borough Road ED, institution, or vessel: 5
    Household schedule number: 10
    Household Members: Name Age
    Eliza Thos Benfield 59
    Susanna Benfield 56
    Charles J Benfield 24
    Thomas Benfield 22
    Wm Robertson 22

    England & Wales, FreeBMD Death Index, 1837-1915

    Name: Elizabeth Randall
    Estimated Birth Year: abt 1811
    Registration Year: 1866
    Registration Quarter: Jul-Aug-Sep
    Age at Death: 55
    Registration district: Liverpool
    Inferred County: Lancashire
    Volume: 8b
    Page: 44
    Source Information:

    England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966
    Administrations. 1866 pg 399-400RR Elizabeth Randall
    Randall, Elizabeth.
    Effects under L 50
    27 August Letters of Administration of the Personal estate and effect of Elizabeth Randall late of 66 Regent Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster Widow deceased who died 9 August 1866 at 66 Regent street aforesaid were granted at the Principal Registry to Charles Randall of 79 London Rd Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Butcher, the son and one of the Next of Kin of the said deceased, he having been first sworn.
    to order death certificates:
    Southwark The Register Office, 34 Peckham Road, London, SE5 8QA.
    Tel: 020 7525 7651. Fax: 020 7525 7652.
    E-mail: registrars@southwark.gov.uk

    findagrave'
    Elizabeth Randall
    BIRTH unknown
    DEATH 10 Aug 1866
    BURIAL
    Anfield Cemetery and Crematorium
    Anfield, Metropolitan Borough of Liverpool, Merseyside, England
    PLOT Consecrated Sec.14, Grave 1997
    MEMORIAL ID 174994959 · View Source

    Notes:

    Is this right?
    London, England, Marriages and Banns, 1754-1921 about Thomas Randall
    Name: Thomas Randall
    Spouse Name: Elizabeth Benfield
    Record Type: Banns
    Marriage Bann Date: 19 Feb, 26 Feb, 05 Mar 1826
    Parish: St Mary, Whitechapel (both of this parish)
    County: Middlesex
    Borough: Tower Hamlets

    Children:
    1. Charlotte RANDALL was born on 16 Feb 1827 in Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened on 25 Mar 1827 in St George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England; died in Aug 1827 in St George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England; was buried on 5 Aug 1827 in St George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England.
    2. 5. Anne Esther RANDALL was born on 13 Mar 1828 in 77 London Rd, Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened on 15 Jun 1828 in St. George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England; died on 3 Jan 1918 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States; was buried in Union Cemetary, Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.
    3. Charles RANDALL was born on 10 Sep 1829 in Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened on 22 Nov 1829 in St. George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England; died on 14 Jan 1886 in Southwark, Surrey, England; was buried on 20 Jan 1886 in Norwood Cemetery, Lambeth, Surrey, England.
    4. Thomas Enos RANDALL was born in 1831 in Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened on 22 May 1831 in St. George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England.
    5. James Edwin RANDALL was born on 21 Aug 1832 in Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened on 12 May 1833 in St. George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England; died in 1904 in Meredith, Victoria, Australia; was buried on 30 Jun 1904 in Meredith Cemetery, Meredith, Victoria, Australia.
    6. Edwin RANDALL was born on 21 Feb 1834 in Southwark, Surry, England; was christened on 18 May 1836 in St George the Martyr, Southwark, Surry, England.
    7. Elizabeth Frances RANDALL was born on 30 Sep 1835 in Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened on 6 Mar 1836 in St. George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England; died after 1857.
    8. William RANDALL was born on 28 Feb 1837 in Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened on 26 Mar 1837 in St George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England.
    9. Amelia Rosalie RANDALL was born on 6 Feb 1841 in Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened in Feb 1841 in St George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England; died before 1851 in Southwark, Surrey, England.
    10. Walter RANDALL was born on 8 Nov 1842 in Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened on 4 Dec 1842 in St George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England.
    11. Rosa RANDALL was born on 3 Feb 1846 in Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened on 1 Mar 1846 in St George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England.
    12. Emily Maria RANDALL was born on 19 Feb 1850 in Southwark, Surrey, England; was christened on 17 Mar 1850 in St George the Martyr, Southwark, Surrey, England; died before 1851 in Southwark, Surrey, England.

  5. 12.  John NICHOLSON was born in 1820 in Delaware, United States.

    Other Events:

    • _UID: 9068BDCD5FC4444CB81E46D5F6255142D495

    John married Frances Field on 29 Oct 1843 in , Adams, Illinois. Frances was born about 1823 in Alabama, United States; died before 1900 in California. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  6. 13.  Frances Field was born about 1823 in Alabama, United States; died before 1900 in California.

    Other Events:

    • _UID: D2871F26C67DB54E80204F753F971DF73215

    Children:
    1. 6. George W NICHOLSON was born on 6 Jan 1846 in Illinois, United States; died on 12 Sep 1878 in Brentwood, Contra Costa, California, United States.