Other Events:

• _UID: C79E9CE4115D764980F9C4B9C8F7BF2AB077

Other Events:

• _UID: A989BDB1EE48AE4A9016960299B6797B4F2B

Horace married Edith Alice Chappell in Sep 1885 in Braintree, Essex, England. Edith (daughter of Henry Chappell and Jane COLLIS) was born in Sep 1858 in Witham, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• _UID: 0EF908907D1A744AAACE69972BDF85272228

Notes:

Surname Given Name District Volume Page
Births Sep 1858
Chappell Edith Alice Witham 4a 246
The district Witham is in the county of Essex; information about it can be found here .

Edith is with mother in 1881 census Witham, Essex, Eng

FreeBMD UK http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/
Surname First name(s) District Vol Page
Marriages Sep 1885
Chappell Edith Alice Braintree 4a 727
OXLEY Horace Braintree 4a 727

1891 England Census
Name: Horace Oxley
Age: 37
Estimated birth year: abt 1854
Relation: Head
Spouse's name: Edith A
Gender: Male
Where born: Witham, Essex, England
Civil parish: Witham
Ecclesiastical parish: Witham
Town: Witham High Street
County/Island: Essex
Country: England
Street Address: Occupation: Draffess? Manager in charge
Sub-registration district: Witham
ED, institution, or vessel: 3
household Members: Name Age
Horace Oxley 37 born Witham, Essex
Edith A Oxley 32 born Witham, Essex
Victor H Oxley 3 born Witham, Essex
Muriel E Oxley 2 born Witham, Essex
Herbert C Oxley 7/12 born Witham, Essex
Elizabeth E Joyce 15 nursemaid
Jane H Cutts 20 servant

Notes:

FreeBMD UK http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/
Surname First name(s) District Vol Page
Marriages Sep 1885
Chappell Edith Alice Braintree 4a 727
OXLEY Horace Braintree 4a 727

Other Events:

• _UID: 4ED43E7BBB50634EA92B59D81B8FEFA1D61A
• Occupation: 1771, The George, Newland Street, Witham, Essex, England; Brewer, Innkeeper,

Notes:

1841 England Census about Henry Chappell
Name: Henry Chappell
Age: 25
Estimated birth year: abt 1816
Gender: Male
Where born: Essex, England
Civil parish: Witham
Hundred: Witham
County/Island: Essex
Country: England
Street Address: Chipping Hill, Church Street,
Occupation: Millwright
Registration district: Witham
Sub-registration district: Witham
Neighbors:
Household Members: Name Age
Barnard Chappell 60 Millwright, born Essex County, England
Sarah Chappell 60 born Essex County, England
Eliza Chappell 30 born Essex County, England
Henry Chappell 25 Millwright, born Essex County, England
Barnard Chappell 20 Millwright, born Essex County, England
Charles Chappell 14 born Essex County, England



This could be the right Henry?
Surname Given Name District Volume Page
Deaths Jun 1875
CHAPPELL Henry Witham 4a 227 age 59
The district Witham is in the county of Essex; information about it can be found here .

Henry married Jane COLLIS about Feb 1844 in Lambeth, Surrey, England. Jane (daughter of Christopher Annett COLLIS and Maria BRIDGE) was born on 11 Aug 1822 in Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England; was christened on 11 Aug 1822 in Witham, Essex, England; died in Dec 1895 in Braintree, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• _MARNM: Chappell
• _UID: 35729247C59D02449E81EDC44EFE9EEFD13E
• Occupation: 1871, Newland Street, The George, Witham, Essex, England; Innkeeper's wife

Notes:

England births and Christenings 1538-1975
The index is an electronic database of information transcribed from original records.
Jane Collis
baptism/christening: 11 Aug 1822
Witham, Essex, England
father: Christopher Annett Collis
mother: Maria
indexing project batch# 104624-5
source film # 1702677
ref # item 8 p 75

1851 England Census
Name: Jane Chappell
Age: 29
Estimated birth year: abt 1822
Relation: Wife
Spouse's name: Henry
Gender: Female
Where born: Witham, Essex, England
Civil parish: Witham
County/Island: Essex
Country: England
Street Address: Occupation: Millright employing 4 men Witham Blue Mill Yard
Condition as to marriage: married
Registration district: Witham
Sub-registration district: Kelvedon
ED, institution, or vessel: 1a
Neighbors: Barnard Chappell
Household schedule number: 9
Household Members: Name Age
Henry Chappell 35
Jane Chappell 29 wife
Jane Maria Chappell 6 daughter
George Chappell 2 son
Infant Chappell 1 Mo daughter
Ephraim Firmin 17 apprentice
Louisa Bright 24 domestic servant


1861 England Census
Name: Jane Chappell
Age: 39
Estimated birth year: abt 1822
Relation: Wife
Spouse's name: Henry
Gender: Female
Where born: Witham, Essex, England
Civil parish: Witham
Town: Witham
County/Island: Essex
Country: England
Street Address: Newland Street? Occupation: Millwright, brewer, and Inn keeper:
Registration district: Witham
Sub-registration district: Witham
ED, institution, or vessel: 3
Household schedule number: 20
Household Members: Name Age all family born in Witham
Henry Chappell 45 Millwright, brewer, and Inn keeper
Jane Chappell 39 wife
Jane Maria Chappell 16
Henry William Chappell 14
George Chappell 12
Emma Susannah Chappell 10
Annie Chappell 8
Hellen Bertha Chappell 6
Arthur Barnard Chappell 4
Edith Alice Chappell 2
Kate Elizabeth Chappell 9 Mo
Amelia Wakeling 24 governess
John Overett Smith 20 apprentice millwright
Jane Richardson 22 cook
Ann Richardson 14 housemaid
William Ashwell 15 Pot boy servant

1871 England Census
Name: Henry Chappell
Age: 55
Estimated birth year: abt 1816
Relation: Head
Spouse's name: Jane
Gender: Male
Where born: Witham, Essex, England
Civil parish: Witham
Town: Witham
County/Island: Essex
Country: England
Registration district: Witham
Sub-registration district: Witham
ED, institution, or vessel: 3
Household schedule number: 47 Newland Street, The George
Household Members: Name Age
Henry Chappell 55 Inn keeper
Jane Chappell 48 born Essex, Witham, Inn keeper's wife
Annie Chappell 18 born Essex, Witham, daughter, barmaid
Arthur Barnard Chappell 14 born Essex, Witham, son
Edith Alice Chappell 12 born Essex, Witham, daughter
Kate Elizabeth Chappell 10 born Essex, Witham, daughter
Charles Annett Chappell 8 born Essex, Witham, son
Henrietta Jane Chappell 5 born Essex, Witham, daughter
Frances Avery Chappell 39 visitor born Middlesex, London
Sarah Cotter Chappell 19 Servant
Ann Wood 16 Servant
John Dudman 17 Servant, pot boy

1881 England Census
Name: Jane Chappell
Age: 58
Estimated birth year: abt 1823
Relation: Head
Gender: Female
Where born: Chippinghill Witham, Essex, England
Civil parish: Witham
County/Island: Essex
Country: England
Street Address: Guithavon Street Private House
Condition as to marriage: Windower (Widower)
Education: Employment status:
Occupation: Annuitant
Registration district: Braintree
Sub-registration district: Witham
ED, institution, or vessel: 3
Neighbors:
Household Members: Name Age
Jane Chappell 58 annuitant
Edith Alice Chappell 22 daws governess
Charles Annett Chappell 18 apprentice to ironmonger

1891 England Census
Name: Jane Chappell
Age: 69
Estimated birth year: abt 1822
Relation: Head
Gender: Female
Where born: Witham, Essex, England
Civil parish: Witham
Ecclesiastical parish: Witham
Town: Witham
County/Island: Essex
Country: England
Street Address: Guilhavon Street, Conservative Club.
Occupation: Condition as to marriage: Education: Employment status:
Registration district: Braintree
Sub-registration district: Witham
ED, institution, or vessel: 3
Neighbors:
Household Members: Name Age
Jane Chappell 69
George Morgan Chappell 17 grandson, ironmonger apprentice, born Essex White Notley


This could be the right one?
Surname Given Name District Volume Page
Deaths Dec 1895
Chappell Jane Braintree 4a 386 age 73
The district Braintree is in the county of Essex; information about it can be found here .


http://www.gyford.com/domesday/
Five mills are mentioned in this area at Domesday; these would all have been watermills, windmills not being found in England until about 100 years later. The River Brain runs through the area from north to south, to join the larger Blackwater in the south-east of the area.

Like woods and meadows, the watermills were retained by the lord of the manor. This was because of the profit to be made from their essential function, in this case grinding corn.

In later records we know of only three such mills in Witham parish. Only one of these still has an actual mill building today, namely Blue Mill or Machins Mill, on the Blackwater (this probably belonged to either Blunts Hall or Benton Hall at Domesday). The two other survivors are now only represented by mill houses, at Chipping Hill (no.1 Powershall End), and Newland (Old Mill House, Guithavon Valley). This last eventually belonged to the 13th century settlement of Newland, and may not have been present at Domesday.

Thus there were either two or three Domesday mills that did not survive many centuries. This is a common feature, many mills being recorded at Domesday in places where there is now only a relatively small watercourse, for instance at Faulkbourne and Fairstead, upstream from Witham on the River Brain.

Notes:

England & Wales, FreeBMD Marriage Index: 1837-1915
Name: Jane Collis
Year of Registration: 1844
Quarter of Registration: Jan-Feb-Mar
District: Lambeth
County: Greater London, London, Surrey
Volume: 4
Page: 157

Other Events:

• _UID: 1D6B19BE0DA8274BABAB481B75C724F392B6

Notes:

1841 England Census about Barnard Chappell
Name: Barnard Chappell
Age: 60
Estimated birth year: abt 1871
Gender: Male
Where born: Essex, England
Civil parish: Witham
Hundred: Witham
County/Island: Essex
Country: England
Street Address: Occupation: Millwright
Registration district: Witham
Sub-registration district: Witham
Neighbors:
Household Members: Name Age
Barnard Chappell 60 Millwright, born in Essex, England
Sarah Chappell 60 born in Essex, England
Eliza Chappell 30 born in Essex, England
Henry Chappell 25 Millwright, born in Essex, England
Barnard Chappell 20 Millwright, born in Essex, England
Charles Chappell 14 born in Essex, England

Barnard married Sarah. Sarah was born about Jan 1780 in Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• _MARNM: Chappell
• _UID: 1B2F9DC701019544969B5C0F7CF116DF879D

Other Events:

• Occupation: 1832: Baker, Victualler; residence 1839:
• Reference Number: *
• _UID: 2F6625C640922E42B30FABD42757EF2F9F37

Notes:

Things to do:
1. Look through records in binder to add details
2. Is there an 1831 Census? no
3. Are there news articles or advertisements for Star brewery or Kennington Brewery?
4. Who did temple work for Christopher Annett Collis, mother, Susannah Smith/Collis?
5. Can more info on children be found? What about New Zealand/Australia?
6. 4. What is the name of the town where the White Horse Inn was located? Bert's email states it was in Witham.

Timeline for Christopher Annett Collis:

1800 May 7 Christopher born Braintree, Essex, England
1821 marriage: June 7 Maria Bridge in Witham, Essex, England
1822 Aug 11 daughter, Jane, born Essex County to Chrisopher and Maria
1824 son, Samuel Annett, born Essex
1825 son, Samuel Annett, died Witham, Essex, England
1826 May 20 son, William, born Witham,
1827 Christopher went bankrupt
1828 April 16 son, George Smith Collis, born Witham,
1829 Feb 9 daughter, Maria, born Witham,
1830 Poll Books and Electoral Registers Christopher A Collis, Witham
1831 May 21 daughter, Dorcus, born Witham,
1832 Christopher was a baker, brewer in Witham,
1833 Death: May 23, wife, Maria, in Witham,
1833 Christopher moves to Chelmsford as a brewer's clerk at Kennington Brewery, Dorset St
and Chapham Rd near the oval cricket grounds in London.
1836 son? Joseph Collis born (he was born after Christopher's wife Maria died and before he married Eliza)
1838 Oct 19 Marries Eliza Parker at St. Giles Cripplegate, London England. 1839 daughter, Eliza Collis born
1839 Owned a Tavern/Public House, The Woolpack Inn (near the White Horse Inn), Church St. Chipping Hill,
Witham
1839 Pigot's Directory: baker, Chipping Hill, Witham (Baker's yeast and yeast for ale may have been
interchangeable at that time)
1841 Census: Christopher and Eliza living Brixton, Lambeth, Surrey, England
1844 Sept, wife, Eliza dies, Lambeth, Surrey, England
1846 Jul 9 marries Alice Scott Honeysett at St. Giles Cripplegate, London England.
1851 Census: Christopher with wife, Alice, in Hounslow, Middlesex 177 London Rd, Brewer at Star Brewery,
employing 1 labor and two sons
1851 London, England, Electoral Registers, Christopher in Heston, Star Brewery
1853 London, England, Electoral Registers, Christopher in Heston, Star Brewery
1868 Christopher marries Elizabeth Archer age 37, spinster
1869 Death: Christopher South Stoneham, Hampshire age 69



According to the records sent to me from Bert Collis I write the following:
Christopher was bankrupt in 1827 and paid his creditors 2s.6d. in the pound. (i.e. One eighth) but by 1833 he was buying a small house in Witham and started in business as a victualler and baker. In 1833 he was in Chelmsford and was listed as a brewer's clerk of Kennington Brewery, Dorset Street and Chapham Rd. Brewer's clerk. (44 K from Witham, 35 K from Chelmsford. He also with his brother William became tenant of the Swan Inn at Brentwood in Essex. (Quite a coincidence! He soon failed again owing nearly four hundred pounds mainly to the brewers and was again made bankrupt. The Essex Record Office has a thick wad of court papers on the claims and counter claims. It includes a letter written by Christopher A Collis to the brewers solicitors. Christopher moved to London and became Brewers Clerk at the Kennington Brewery in Dorset St. Clapham Road. (This was near the Oval Cricket Ground). His father Samuel Collis was buried at Braintree on Jan 27th 1832, age 70 (Information from Bert Collis)

http://search.labs.familysearch.org
England births and Christenings 1538-1975
The index is an electronic database of information transcribed from original records.
Christopher Annett Collis
baptism/christening:24 Jul 1801
Braintree, Essex, England
father: Samuel Collis
mother: Susannah
indexing project batch# 103390-0
source film # 1702171

UK, Poll Books and Electoral Registers, 1538-1893
Name: Christopher A Collis
Poll Year: 1830
Residence: Witham
Where Freehold lies: White Notley Houses occupier: Hawkes
Hundred: Lexden And Witham
County: Essex

(page 111;1838 Marriage solemnized in
the Parish Church in the Parish of St Giles without Cripplegate in the city of London.
No. 222 Married 19 Oct 1838, Christopher Annett Collis, age 39, bachelor, profession: Brewer, Residence:
Witham, Essex, Father's name: Samuel Collis, Profession of father: Sadler
Eliza Parker, age 31, Spinster, residence: Witham, Essex, Father's name: Henry Parker, profession of father:
Sawyer)

1841 England Census Christoper Collis
Name: Christoper Collis
Age: 40
Estimated Birth Year: abt 1801
Gender: Male
Civil Parish: Lambeth (St. Mary Lambeth Parish)
Hundred: Brixton (Eastern Division)
County/Island: Surrey
Country: England
Street address: Camberwell Lane South Occupation: Brewer
Source information: HO107/1054/1
Registration district: Lambeth
Sub-registration district: Brixton
ED, institution, or vessel: 2
Folio: 31
Page:
Line number: 12
GSU Number: 474652
Household: Name: age
Christoper Collis 40
Eliza 35,
William 15,
George 14,
Maria 10,
Samuel 5,
Joseph 5,
Dorcus 5,
Eliza 5,
Henry Parker 20 (probably Eliza's brother) carpenter

1851 England Census Christopher A Collis
Name: Christopher A Collis
Age: 52
Estimated Birth Year: abt 1799
Relation: Head
Spouse's name: Alice
Gender: Male
Where born: Braintree, Essex, England
Civil Parish: Heston
Ecclesiastical parish: Holy Trinity
Town: Hounslow
County/Island: Middlesex
Country: England
Street address: 177 London Rd. Occupation: Brewer employing 1 labor and two sons
Registration district: Brentford
Sub-registration district: Isleworth
ED, institution, or vessel: 1a
Neighbors:
Household schedule number: 177 Star Brewery, London Road
Household Members: Name Age
Alice Collis 53 wife, born Norfolk, Thilgay
Christopher A Collis 52 brewer
Samuel Collis 17 son, born Witham, Essex brewer
Joseph Collis 15 son, born Witham, Essex brewer
Eliza Collis 14 daughter, born Witham, Essex scholar at home

London, England, Electoral Registers, 1832-1965
Name: Christopher Annett Collis
Year: 1851
County or Borough: Star Brewery, London
Smallberry Green, Hounslow Road, in the parish of Heston, County of Middlesex
Ward or Division/Constituency: Heston

London, England, Electoral Registers, 1832-1965
Name: Christopher Annett Star Collis
Year: 1853
County or Borough: London, County of Middlesex
Ward or Division/Constituency: Heston
Street address: Star Brewery, Smallberry-green Hounslow

England & Wales, FreeBMD Marriage Index: 1837-1983
Name: Christopher Annett Collis age 67, widower, reside Portswood, father Samuel Collis, Saddler
and Elizabeth Archer age 37, spinster, reside Portswood, father William Archer, Blacksmith
Year of Registration: 1868
Quarter of Registration: 21-Mar
District: South Stoneham
County: Hampshire
Volume: 2c
Page: 89

England & Wales, FreeBMD Death Index: 1837-1983
Surname Given Name District Volume Page
Deaths Jun 1869 age 68
Collis Christopher Annett S. Stoneham 2c 29
The district S. Stoneham is an alternative name for South Stoneham and it is in the county of Hampshire

Food in the 17th Century
In the early 17th century people began eating food with forks for the first time.
During the century new foods were introduced into England (for the rich) such as bananas and pineapples. New drinks were introduced, tea and coffee. In the late 17th century there were many coffee houses in the towns. Merchants and professional men met there to read newspapers and talk shop.
In the late 17th century the rich began eating ice cream. Many rich people built special underground chambers in the grounds of their houses for preserving ice during the summer. The ice was covered in straw to preserve it.
However for the poor food remained plain and monotonous. They subsisted on food like bread, cheese and onions. Ordinary people continued to eat pottage each day.
Food in the 18th Century
There was little change in food in the 18th century. Despite the improvements in farming food for ordinary people remained plain and monotonous. For them meat was a luxury. A poor person's food was mainly bread and potatoes. In the 18th century drinking tea became common even among ordinary people.
19th Century Food
In the early 19th century the working class lived on plain food such as bread, butter, potatoes and bacon. Butcher's meat was a luxury. However things greatly improved in the late 19th century. Railways and steamships made it possible to import cheap grain from North America so bread became cheaper. Refrigeration made it possible to import cheap meat from Argentina and Australia. Consumption of sugar also increased. By the end of the 19th century most people (not all) were eating much better food.
The first fish and chip shops in Britain opened in the 1860s. By the late 19th century they were common in towns and cities.
In the late 19th century the first convenience food in tins and jars went on sale. Although the principle of canning was invented at the end of the 18th century tinned food first became widely available in the 1880s. The can opener was invented in 1855 and the rotary can opener followed in 1870. Furthermore in the 1870s margarine, a cheap substitute for butter, was invented. Tomato ketchup was invented in 1874.
Several new biscuits were invented in the 19th century including the Garibaldi (1861), the cream cracker (1885) and the Digestive (1892). Furthermore new sweets were invented during the 19th century including peanut brittle (1890) and liquorice allsorts (1899).
For centuries people drank chocolate but the first chocolate bar was made in 1847. Milk chocolate was invented in 1875.

19th Century Britain
In the 19th century Britain became the world's first industrial society. It also became the first urban society. By 1851 more than half the population lived in towns.
The population of Britain boomed during the 19th century. In 1801 it was about 9 million. By 1901 it had risen to about 41 million.
This was despite the fact that many people emigrated to North America and Australia to escape poverty. About 15 million people left Britain between 1815 and 1914.
However there were also many immigrants. In the 1840s many people came from Ireland, fleeing a terrible potato famine. In the 1880s the Tsar began persecuting Russian Jews. Some fled to Britain and settled in the East End of London.
19th Century Society
In the early 19th century Britain was an oligarchy. Only a small minority of men (and no women) were allowed to vote. The situation began to change in 1832 when the vote was given to more men. Constituencies were also redrawn and many industrial towns were represented for the first time. The franchise was extended again in 1867 and 1883. In 1872 the secret ballot was introduced.
However in the 19th century at least 80% of the population was working class. In order to be considered middle class you had to have at least one servant. Most servants were female. (Male servants were much more expensive because men were paid much higher wages). Throughout the 19th century 'service' was a major employer of women.
In the 19th century families were much larger than today. That was partly because infant mortality was high. People had many children and accepted that not all of them would survive.
In a 19th century family the Father was head of the family. He wife and children respected him and obeyed him (at least that was the theory!). Until 1879 a man could legally beat his wife and until 1882 all a woman's property, even the money she earned, belonged to her husband. Divorce was made legal in 1857 but it was very rare in the 19th century.

Christopher married Maria BRIDGE on 7 Jun 1821 in Witham, Essex, England. Maria (daughter of George BRIDGE and Elizabeth Endersby) was born about 1797 in Witham, Essex, England; was christened on 18 Feb 1797 in Witham, Essex, England; died on 23 May 1833 in Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England; was buried in Chipping Hill, Witham, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Reference Number: *
• _MARNM: Mrs Christopher Annett Collis
• _UID: 5A9DF27CE32F49438EFC7E2F0B37BCDC1491

Notes:

Maria died at age 36

Notes:

Maria Bridge
England, Essex Parish Registers
Name Christopher Collis
Event Type Marriage
Event Date 07 Jun 1821
Event Place Witham, Essex, England
Gender Male
Marital Status Married
Spouse's Name Maria Bridge